Regular ArticleBasal Protein Phosphorylation Is Decreased and Phosphatase Activity Increased by an Antioxidant and a Free Radical Trap in Primary Rat Glia
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A role for glutathione, independent of oxidative stress, in the developmental toxicity of methanol
2013, Toxicology and Applied PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :These in vivo PBN studies in C57BL/6J mice were in contrast to preliminary studies of CD-1 mice in embryo culture, where PBN blocked MeOH-initiated embryonic ROS-mediated protein oxidation and embryopathies. PBN has effects other than free radical trapping, including the inhibition of the ROS-producing NOX pathway, as well as interfering with signaling molecules such as H2O2 and nuclear factor transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) (Chang et al., 2009; Hensley et al., 1998; Kotake et al., 1998; Robinson et al., 1999), which may, in the case of MeOH, confound interpretation of the in vivo results. This contrast between results in vivo vs. embryo culture is again observed with results from genetically altered mice expressing either reduced or enhanced embryonic levels of the antioxidative enzyme catalase, where altered catalase activity did not change susceptibility to MeOH teratogenicity in vivo (Siu et al., 2013), whereas in culture embryopathies were blocked by overexpression of catalase, and reciprocally enhanced by reduced expression of catalase (Miller and Wells, 2011; Miller et al., 2013b).
Influence of green tea on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant defense, and plasma membrane in rat tissues
2007, NutritionCitation Excerpt :Most intracellular ROS are generated via mitochondrial electron transport, although other normal biological processes contribute. It has been reported that GT exerts its biological effects on the basis of the redox state of a particular cell/tissue [39,40] and according to the level of GT polyphenols accumulated in the tissues [41]. To maintain proper redox balance, many defense systems have evolved.
Reactive oxygen species mediate virus-induced STAT activation: Role of tyrosine phosphatases
2004, Journal of Biological ChemistryCitation Excerpt :However, exogenous H2O2 treatment has been shown to induce an increase in the overall intracellular levels of protein tyrosine phosphorylation, triggering activation of multiple signaling molecule and transcription factors, ultimately leading to gene expression (24), and it has been suggested that one of the mechanisms mediating the biological effects of H2O2 treatment is inhibition of protein phosphatases (24). More specifically, two studies have shown that H2O2 inhibits specific protein-tyrosine phosphatases, whereas antioxidants can increase protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity (34–36). It is possible that virus-induced ROS activate STAT through an imbalance between cellular tyrosine kinases and phosphatases, resulting in increased net phosphorylation and therefore activation.
Epigallocatechin gallate, a constituent of green tea, represses hepatic glucose production
2002, Journal of Biological ChemistryCitation Excerpt :As observed with the insulin receptor, EGCG caused a small delayed increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of the IGF-1R β-subunit. ROS have been implicated in the regulation of protein kinase cascades and in the inhibition of PTPs (39, 40). It is therefore possible that pro-oxidative activity of EGCG in hepatoma cells could explain the increased levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins observed in these cells.
Reactive oxygen species and protein oxidation in aging: A look back, a look ahead
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