Brain Region | Saline | Memantine | Galantamine | Nicotine | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-tg (n = 9) | APPswe (n = 5) | Non-tg (n = 10) | APPswe (n = 5) | Non-tg (n = 7) | APPswe (n = 5) | Non-tg (n = 6) | APPswe (n = 5) | |||||
Cortex | 6.16 ± 0.58 | 8.37 ± 0.79* | 7.49 ± 0.62 | 8.88 ± 1.22 | 6.98 ± 0.62 | 7.98 ± 0.60 | 7.89 ± 0.97 | 10.59 ± 0.56# | ||||
Frontal cortex | 5.00 ± 0.30 | 6.34 ± 0.87 | 5.83 ± 0.58 | 6.51 ± 0.68 | 6.25 ± 0.61 | 6.39 ± 1.00 | 5.79 ± 0.51 | 7.69 ± 0.86 | ||||
Retrosp gr. cortex | 3.14 ± 0.33 | 4.59 ± 0.79 | 4.53 ± 0.74 | 5.09 ± 0.95 | 4.37 ± 0.53# | 4.57 ± 0.78 | 4.71 ± 0.74 | 5.60 ± 0.41 | ||||
Temp/parietal cortex | 6.85 ± 0.64 | 9.90 ± 0.55* | 8.28 ± 0.98 | 10.06 ± 1.42 | 7.97 ± 0.70 | 8.94 ± 0.69 | 9.54 ± 1.51 | 12.60 ± 0.77# | ||||
Hippocampus | 10.82 ± 0.35 | 12.77 ± 0.93 | 11.78 ± 0.92 | 14.12 ± 1.18 | 10.43 ± 1.27 | 11.87 ± 1.05 | 12.42 ± 1.24 | 15.21 ± 0.88 | ||||
CA1 | 11.85 ± 1.02 | 15.82 ± 1.57 | 14.08 ± 1.35 | 20.44 ± 2.10 | 10.73 ± 2.14 | 16.14 ± 2.28 | 14.64 ± 1.91 | 20.33 ± 2.88 | ||||
CA2 | 8.38 ± 0.45 | 10.15 ± 0.89 | 9.38 ± 20.97 | 11.41 ± 1.60 | 8.73 ± 0.83 | 9.92 ± 1.13 | 11.20 ± 1.12# | 12.75 ± 1.26 | ||||
CA3 | 14.40 ± 0.36 | 16.73 ± 1.18 | 14.67 ± 1.20 | 18.56 ± 1.95 | 13.73 ± 1.81 | 16.52 ± 2.29 | 15.89 ± 1.82 | 20.29 ± 1.07# | ||||
Caudate nucleus | 2.70 ± 0.20 | 2.92 ± 0.31 | 2.47 ± 0.26 | 3.19 ± 0.31 | 3.46 ± 20.54 | 2.83 ± 0.20 | 3.85 ± 0.55 | 3.76 ± 0.59 | ||||
Thalamus | 4.59 ± 0.37 | 4.56 ± 0.26 | 4.24 ± 0.51 | 4.81 ± 0.34 | 4.56 ± 0.55 | 4.71 ± 0.48 | 5.39 ± 0.55 | 5.53 ± 0.60 |
↵* P < 0.05 vs. nontransgenic (Non-tg) mice in the same treatment group, and # P < 0.05 compared with saline-treated non-tg or APPswe, respectively (Kruskall-Wallis followed by Mann-Whitney post hoc test).