Effect of HMP on LPS-induced NO, IL-1β, and TNF-α production
| For NO assay, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with LPS (0.5 μg/ml) and/or various concentrations of HMP for 24 h, and the amount of nitrite in supernatant from each treatment group was measured using Griess reagent. Each data point represents mean ± S.D. of five replicates of one representative experiment of the total six experiments. The amount of cytokines, IL-1β, and TNF-α were measured in supernatants of human PBMCs (0.5 × 106/ml) cultured with LPS (10 ng/ml) and/or various concentrations of HMP (6.25-25 μM) for 18 h by ELISA. Each data point represents mean ± S.D. of three replicates. This experiment has been repeated three times with similar observations. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Group | Nitrite | IL-1β | TNF-α | |||
| μM | pg/ml | pg/ml | ||||
| Control | 3.77 ± 0.82 | 21.8 ± 0.395 | <15.62 | |||
| LPS | 20.04 ± 3.7 | 512.01 ± 20.68 | 290.97 ± 2.41 | |||
| HMP (6.25 μM) | 3.66 ± 1.08 | 22.12 ± 3.33 | <15.62 | |||
| HMP (6.25 μM) + LPS | 14.54 ± 2.5* | 339.21 ± 10.53* | 342.24 ± 11.50 | |||
| HMP (12.5 μM) | 3.88 ± 1.14 | 24.45 ± 1.03 | <15.62 | |||
| HMP (12.5 μM) + LPS | 13.75 ± 2.65* | 113.43 ± 3.81* | 298.49 ± 5.47 | |||
| HMP (25 μM) | 3.86 ± 0.97 | 23.28 ± 1.41 | <15.62 | |||
| HMP (25 μM) + LPS | 9.95 ± 1.41** | 77.27 ± 4.6** | 165.38 ± 8.48* | |||
↵* Represents the statistical significance of difference between HMP + LPS and LPS alone (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01).