Table 1

Summary of effects of NSAIDs and PPARγ ligands on cell proliferation, cell viability, apoptosis, and activation of PPARγ in rheumatoid synovial cells

Drug	Proliferation	Viability^1-a	Apoptosis	PPARγ^1-b	IC₅₀^1-c		COX-1/COX-2 Ratio
Drug	Proliferation	Viability^1-a	Apoptosis	PPARγ^1-b	COX-1	COX-2	COX-1/COX-2 Ratio
		μM		μM	μM
Troglitazone	↓^1-e	28.3	↑^1-g	1.1	N.T.	N.T.	N.T.
15dPGJ₂	↓	6.6	↑	0.8	N.T.	N.T.	N.T.
Indometacin	↓	113.5	↑	54.7	0.013	0.044	0.30
Diclofenac	↓	59.7	↑	28.9	0.037	0.00097	38
Oxaprozin	↓	166.7	↑	45.5	2.2	36	0.061
Zaltoprofen	↓	135.2	↑	54.5	1.3	0.34	3.8
Ketoprofen	→^1-f	>300	N.T.	>100	0.11	0.88	0.80
Acetaminophen	→	>300	N.T.	>100	42^1-d	11^1-d	3.8^1-d
NS-398	↓	>300	→	>100	12	0.0095	1263

N.T., not tested.
↵1-a IC₅₀ values for inhibition of cell viability.
↵1-b Concentration at which the drugs exhibit a 25-fold induction of the activation of PPARγ over the untreated condition in the luciferase reporter assay.
↵1-c IC₅₀ values for inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 by NSAIDs were cited from the reference byKawai et al. (1998).
↵1-d IC₅₀ values for inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 by acetaminophen were cited from the reference byCryer et al. (1998).
↵1-e Decrease.
↵1-f No change.
↵1-g Increase.