Table 1

Mean ED50 values and 95% CLs of positive GABAAmodulators substituting for midazolam (0.56 mg/kg)

DrugMidazolam Substitution ED5095% CL
mg/kg
Nonselective BZ
 Midazolam0.16(0.05–0.28)
 Triazolam0.07(0.05–0.09)
 Diazepam2.80(2.20–3.40)
BZ1-selective
 Zaleplon0.64(0.52–0.77)
 Zolpidem1.76(0.84–2.90)
Neuroactive steroid
 Pregnanolone6.40(4.26–8.98)
Barbiturate
 Amobarbital19.46(14.06–25.22)
 Pentobarbital20.89(14.47–29.20)