Table 1

Histopathological changes in ARF rats

	Sham (n = 6)		Untreated ARF (n = 6)		ARF ⁺ Lactacystin
	Sham (n = 6)		Untreated ARF (n = 6)		0.1 mg/kg (n = 5)		1 mg/kg (n = 5)
Histopathological	−	±	⁺	⁺⁺	⁺⁺⁺	−	±	⁺	⁺⁺	⁺⁺⁺	−	±	⁺	⁺⁺	⁺⁺⁺	−	±	⁺	⁺⁺	⁺⁺⁺
Changes/grade	(0	1	2	3	4)	(0	1	2	3	4)	(0	1	2	3	4)	(0	1	2	3	4)
Tubular necrosis	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	3	0	0	1	4	0	1	4	0	0	0
						(3.33 ± 0.33)		(2.80 ± 0.20)		(0.80 ± 0.20)^1-a
Proteinaceous casts in tubuli	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	5	0	0	0	1	4	0	0	3	2	0	0
			(3.83 ± 0.14)		(2.80 ± 0.20)		(1.40 ± 0.24)^1-a
Medullary congestion	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	4	0	0	0	3	2	0	0	4	1	0	0
			(2.67 ± 0.21)		(2.40 ± 0.24)		(1.20 ± 0.20)^1-b

Data are expressed as the number of animals with histopathological changes. Values in parentheses represent the mean ± S.E.M. of histopathological change/grade. Grades: no change (−, 0), mild (±, 1), moderate (⁺, 2), severe (⁺⁺, 3), very severe (⁺⁺⁺, 4).

↵1-a P < 0.01, compared with untreated ARF.
↵1-b P < 0.05.