Behavioral profiles of morphine withdrawal precipitated by naloxone
| Withdrawal Signs | VEH + NX | PZ + NX | YH + NX |
|---|---|---|---|
| Teeth chattering | 7 /11 | 1 /9 | 0 /71-a |
| Tremor | 11 /11 | 9 /9 | 7 /7 |
| Piloerection | 11 /11 | 1 /9* | 7 /7 |
| Lacrimation | 11 /11 | 5 /9* | 2 /71-a |
| Rhinorrhea | 11 /11 | 5 /9* | 5 /7 |
| Ptosis | 11 /11 | 1 /9* | 0 /71-a |
| Spontaneous jumping | 7 /11 | 5 /9 | 0 /71-a |
Rats were injected with vehicle (VEH) i.p., prazosin (1 mg/kg i.p.; PZ), or yohimbine (2 mg/kg i.p.; YH) 15 min before naloxone (1 mg/kg s.c; NX) administration and observed for 30 min for signs of dependence. These behaviors are shown as the number of animals exhibiting the signs to the total number of animals observed.
↵1-a Significantly different from control dependent group, χ2.