Table 2

Summary of effects of etomidate or ketoconazole pretreatment on HPA axis activity and self-administration behavior when lower doses of cocaine or saline were available for self-administration (±S.E.M.)

Treatment	No. of Subjects	Cortisol AUC	ACTH AUC	No. of Cocaine/Saline Injections	Rate
		μg · min/dl	pg · min/ml		responses/s
0.03 cocaine	5	515 ± 83^2-a	1814 ± 201^2-a	13 ± 0	2.49 ± 0.28
+ 0.1 etomidate	5	44 ± 161^2-b	1323 ± 424	12.8 ± 0.20	3.01 ± 0.96
+ 0.3 etomidate	5	3 ± 141^2-b	3008 ± 863	12.8 ± 0.2	3.02 ± 0.46
+ 1.0 etomidate	5	−359 ± 62^2-a ^2-b	2338 ± 978	12.75 ± 0.25	2.53 ± 1.04
Saline alone	5	−56 ± 62	666 ± 187^2-c	8.80 ± 0.79^2-c	0.17 ± 0.03^2-c
0.01 cocaine	3	349 ± 98^2-a	1629 ± 205	11.7 ± 0.35	2.31 ± 0.60
+ 0.1 etomidate	3	232 ± 160	1404 ± 319	12.7 ± 0.33	2.18 ± 1.04
+ 0.3 etomidate	3	−168 ± 10^2-a ^2-b	1470 ± 206	11.0 ± 1.53	1.31 ± 1.10
+ 1.0 etomidate	3	−176 ± 56^2-b	7525 ± 4476^2-a	13 ± 0	3.41 ± 1.03
Saline alone	3	−50 ± 93	794 ± 255	7.00 ± 1.12^2-c	0.10 ± 0.03^2-c
Saline	2	−88 ± 92	424 ± 143	7.24 ± 2.65	0.11 ± 0.05
+ 0.1 etomidate	2	−31 ± 227	150 ± 412	6.50 ± 0.50	0.05 ± 0.01
+ 0.3 etomidate	2	3 ± 236	543 ± 309	11.0 ± 0^2-a	0.25 ± 0.04^2-a
+ 1.0 etomidate	2	−501 ± 84^2-b	595 ± 378	8.5 ± 0.5	0.10 ± 0.02
0.1 cocaine	2	1158 ± 343^2-a	3470 ± 1000	13 ± 0	3.04 ± 0.57
+ 10 ketoconazole	2	−189 ± 8^2-b	1109 ± 140	13 ± 0	2.27 ± 0.78
Saline alone	2	−88 ± 92	424 ± 143	7.24 ± 2.65^2-c	0.11 ± 0.05^2-c
0.03 cocaine	3	557 ± 87^2-a	1897 ± 195	13 ± 0	2.93 ± 0.29
+ 3.2 ketoconazole	3	−41 ± 239^2-b	1006 ± 61	13 ± 0	3.89 ± 1.18
+ 10 ketoconazole	3	−133 ± 341^2-b	2907 ± 825	13 ± 0	4.49 ± 1.52
Saline alone	3	−50 ± 93	794 ± 255	7.00 ± 1.12^2-c	0.10 ± 0.03^2-c
0.01 cocaine	3	349 ± 98^2-a	1629 ± 205	11.7 ± 0.35^2-a	2.31 ± 0.60^2-a
+ 3.2 ketoconazole	3	−37 ± 113^2-b	1031 ± 138	10.0 ± 1.73	1.36 ± 1.26
+ 10 ketoconazole	3	−45 ± 77^2-b	1690 ± 819	13 ± 0^2-a	2.85 ± 1.18^2-a
Saline alone	3	−50 ± 93	794 ± 255	7.00 ± 1.12	0.10 ± 0.03

↵2-a Different from saline (p < .05).
↵2-b Significant effect of pretreatment (p < .05).
↵2-c Saline different from all other conditions (p < .05).