Hydromorphone | Pentazocine | Butorphanol | Nalbuphine | Buprenorphine | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Discrimination Operant Responding | |||||
Saline-appropriate | 0.006↓ | 0.002↑ | 0.004↓ | <0.001↓ | 0.015↓ |
Hydromorphone 1 mg-appropriate | 0.002↑ | 0.002↑ | 0.004↑ | 0.006↑ | 0.083(↑) |
Hydromorphone 4 mg-appropriate | 0.006↑ | 0.061(↑) | |||
Visual Analog Scales | |||||
Like saline | 0.001↓ | <0.001↓ | 0.001↓ | <0.001↓ | 0.012↓ |
Like hydromorphone 1 | <0.001↑ | 0.005↑ | 0.041↑ | <0.001↑ | |
Like hydromorphone 4 | 0.002↑ | 0.07(↑) | 0.015↑ | 0.045↑ | |
Drug effect | <0.001↑ | <0.001↑ | <0.001↑ | 0.060(↑) | 0.008↑ |
High | <0.001↑ | 0.009↑ | 0.001↑ | 0.084(↑) | 0.028↑ |
Liking | <0.001↑ | 0.028↑ | 0.037↑ | 0.010↑ | |
Good effects | <0.001↑ | 0.007↑ | 0.056(↑) | 0.013↑ | |
Bad effects | 0.058(↑) | ||||
Adjective Rating Scales | |||||
Agonist | 0.003↑ | 0.065(↑) | 0.024(↑) | ||
Antagonist | 0.082(↑) | 0.095(↑) | |||
Mixed | |||||
ARCI2-a | |||||
MBG | |||||
LSD | 0.062(↑) | ||||
PCAG | |||||
BG | |||||
Amphetamine | |||||
Physiological measures | |||||
Heart rate | |||||
Blood pressure | |||||
Systolic (mm Hg) | 0.049↑ | ||||
Diastolic (mm Hg) | 0.081(↓) | ||||
Respiration rate (breaths/min) | |||||
Temperature (°F) | 0.035↓ | ||||
Pupil diameter (mm) | <0.001↓ | 0.003↓ | <0.001↓ | 0.004↓ | 0.017↓ |
Psychomotor/Cognitive Performance | |||||
DSST no. correct | 0.001↓ | 0.006↓ | |||
DSST no. attempted | 0.002↓ | 0.012↓ |
Statistical significance of dose effects for each drug were determined by repeated-measures, one-factor ANOVA. Values represent Pvalues; all P values <.10 are shown. The directions (relative to saline) of statistically significant (P < .05) drug effects are indicated by arrows, and the direction of drug effects with P values greater than .05 and less than or equal to .10 are indicated by arrows in parentheses (n= 6).
↵2-a MBG, morphine-benzadrine group; LSD, LSD group; PCAG, pentobarbital-chloropromazine-alcohol group; BG, benzadrine group; Amphetamine, amphetamine scale.