Resting length (μm) |
Control | 150.7 ± 1.0 | 148.6 ± 1.4 |
Rapid pacing3-b
| 179.6 ± 1.4*
| 174.6 ± 1.8* |
Rapid pacing and ACE3-c
| 167.6 ± 1.2*
†
| 164.5 ± 1.6*
† |
Rapid pacing and Ang-II blockade3-d
| 170.1 ± 1.3*
†
| 168.8 ± 2.4*
†
|
Percent shortening (%) |
Control | 4.28 ± 0.09 | 10.38 ± 0.23# |
Rapid pacing3-b
| 2.43 ± 0.07*
| 7.49 ± 0.22*
# |
Rapid pacing and ACE3-c
| 3.33 ± 0.08*
†
| 8.39 ± 0.21*
†
# |
Rapid pacing and Ang-II blockade3-d
| 2.61 ± 0.07*
| 6.19 ± 0.35*
†
#
|
Shortening velocity (μm/s) |
Control | 63.3 ± 1.5 | 192.6 ± 6.2# |
Rapid pacing3-b
| 38.1 ± 1.2*
| 145.2 ± 5.2*
# |
Rapid pacing and ACE3-c
| 49.5 ± 1.3*
†
| 156.1 ± 4.8*
†
# |
Rapid pacing and Ang-II blockade3-d
| 41.1 ± 1.1*
| 120.3 ± 8.1*
†
# |
Relengthening velocity (μm/s) |
Control | 67.4 ± 1.9 | 208.6 ± 6.7# |
Rapid pacing3-b
| 35.0 ± 1.3*
| 145.4 ± 5.7*
# |
Rapid pacing and ACE3-c
| 48.3 ± 1.6*
†
| 161.8 ± 5.4*
†
# |
Rapid pacing and Ang-II blockade3-d
| 37.2 ± 1.2*
| 114.4 ± 7.9*
†
# |
Time to peak contraction (ms) |
Control | 187.8 ± 1.8 | 165.0 ± 2.0# |
Rapid pacing3-b
| 214.6 ± 3.5*
| 181.2 ± 2.3*
# |
Rapid pacing and ACE3-c
| 208.9 ± 2.0*
| 176.3 ± 1.9*
# |
Rapid pacing and Ang-II blockade3-d
| 198.7 ± 2.5*
| 165.6 ± 2.8†
# |
Total contraction duration (ms) |
Control | 360.4 ± 4.0 | 316.4 ± 4.9# |
Rapid pacing3-b
| 423.1 ± 5.6*
| 370.8 ± 5.4*
# |
Rapid pacing and ACE3-c
| 411.5 ± 3.8*
| 361.7 ± 4.9*
# |
Rapid pacing and Ang-II blockade3-d
| 390.8 ± 5.3*
†
| 334.9 ± 6.9†
# |
Number of cells (n) |
Control | 414 | 220 |
Rapid pacing3-b
| 469 | 227 |
Rapid pacing and ACE3-c
| 455 | 231 |
Rapid pacing and Ang-II blockade3-d
| 338 | 120 |