Table 1

Agents documented to both stimulate PLD activity and induce endothelial dysfunction^1-a

Agent	Stimulation of PLD Activity		Endothelial Vasomotor Dysfunction
Agent	Cultured cells	Conc.	Reference	Tissue	Conc.	Endothelial Agonist	Reference
oxLDL	VSM	10–60 μg/ml	Natarajan et al., 1995	Rabbit aorta	10–100 μg/ml	ACh, A23187	Kugiyama et al., 1990
PAF	Mesangial	1–1000 nM	Kester, 1993	Dog coronary	1 nM	5-HT, ACh	DeFily et al., 1996
Phorbol ester	Endothelial	10–100 nM	Natarajan and Garcia, 1993	Dog coronary	30–300 nM	LTC4, A23187	Flavahan et al., 1991
LPS	U937	10 μg/ml	Natarajan and Iwamoto, 1994	Rat aorta	10 μg/ml	ACh	Beasley et al., 1990
TNFα	Fibrosarcoma	1–100 ng/ml	DeValck et al., 1993	BPA	4.25–1250 ng/ml	Ach, BK	Greenburg et al., 1993
Glucose	VSM	22 mM	Yasunariet al., 1996	Rabbit aorta	22–44 mM	ACh, ADP	Tesfamariam et al., 1991
β-Amyloid	Neuroblastoma	10–60 μM	Singh et al., 1995	Rat microvasculature	10 μM	SP, 5-HT	Khalil et al., 1996

↵1-a Abbreviations: Conc., concentration; ox, oxidized; VSM, vascular smooth muscle; ACh, acetylcholine; PAF, platelet-activating factor; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; LTC4, leukotriene C4; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor-α; BPA, bovine pulmonary artery; BK, bradykinin; SP, substance P.