TCEa | PCEb | ||
---|---|---|---|
Cancer risk | Effect | Kidney cancer (human), adjusted for liver/hematopoietic cancer risk | Hepatocellular tumors (mouse) |
Oral slope factor | 5 × 10−2 per mg/kg-day | 2 × 10−3 per mg/kg-day | |
Inhalation unit risk | 2 × 10−2 per ppm | 2 × 10−3 per ppm | |
Noncancer risk | Effect | Cardiac malformations (mouse), immunologic effects (mouse), developmental immunotoxicity (mouse), toxic nephropathy (rat) | Visuospatial deficits (human) |
RfD | 5 × 10−4 mg/kg-day | 6 × 10−3 mg/kg-day | |
RfC | 4 × 10−4 ppm | 5.8 × 10−3 ppm |