TABLE 1

Effect of diet manipulation and empagliflozin treatment

Parameter	Control	Control + E10	HFHS	HFHS + E1	HFHS + E3	HFHS + E10
Caloric intake (KJ/die/mouse)^{^a}	37.16 ± 1.85	41.68 ± 3.51	47.78 ± 7.86***	49.01 ± 5.48***	50.1 ± 6.12***	48.15 ± 6.71***
Energy efficiency (g/MJ)^{^a}	1.49 ± 0.26	1.04 ± 0.40	2.23 ± 0.68**	1.83 ± 0.64	1.85 ± 0.99	1.05 ± 0.57^###
Anatomic Parameter
Weight gain (g)^{^a}	3.1 ± 0.55	2.42 ± 0.93	5.98 ± 1.81***	5.04 ± 1.75**	5.18 ± 2.77**	2.83 ± 1.54^###
Liver weight (g)	0.87 ± 0.09	0.85 ± 0.07	1.04 ± 0.16***	1.05 ± 0.14***	1.06 ± 0.13***	0.98 ± 0.08
Kidney weight (g)	0.26 ± 0.02	0.26 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.03***	0.32 ± 0.03***	0.32 ± 0.03***	0.32 ± 0.04***
Heart weight (g)	0.11 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.02	0.13 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.02
Epididymal fat weight (g)	0.43 ± 0.11	0.36 ± 0.09	1.72 ± 0.53***	1.55 ± 0.57***	1.63 ± 0.75***	1.31 ± 0.36***^#
Plasmatic Parameter
Fasting glucose (mg/dl)	113.30 ± 11.79	99.38 ± 24.04	171.3 ± 21.40***	148.6 ± 39.27**^#	136.07 ± 25.2^###	128.93 ± 21.93^###
Insulin (pg/ml)	271.5 ± 105.3	230.2 ± 77.1	481.6 ± 131.9***	356.9 ± 96.7	422.5 ± 130.8^*	417.3 ± 100.2^*
HOMA IR	1.65 ± 1.03	1.27 ± 0.44	5.04 ± 1.45***	2.47 ± 1.09^###	3.19 ± 0.74^#	2.85 ± 0.45^###
Total chol (mg/dl)	102.32 ± 24.31	109.73 ± 5.34	138.86 ± 10.89^*	126.51 ± 31.51	117.82 ± 18.60	120.91 ± 17.54
LDL chol (mg/dl)	40.67 ± 2.84	42.18 ± 3.84	65.23 ± 5.80^*	54.87 ± 20.64	50.19 ± 13.31	52.27 ± 12.27
HDL chol (mg/dl)	43.68 ± 4.13	48.30 ± 4.28	53.26 ± 6.27	50.18 ± 8.20	49.64 ± 2.42	48.55 ± 11.94
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	86.2 ± 18.3	83.3 ± 9.5	108.5 ± 14.6	103.1 ± 8.2	91.1 ± 30.2	95.4 ± 11.3

Chol, cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.
↵^a Average from 8 to 16 weeks.
↵* P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus control; ^#P < 0.05, ^###P < 0.001 versus HFHS.