TABLE 1

Decision matrix

	BZ	DO	KT	MX	OX	SB
UV-visible spectral analysis
MEC (M⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹)	2317^{^a}	10,833^{^a}	4350^{^a}	2850^{^a}	6817^{^a}	11,700^{^a}
ROS assay
¹O₂ (ΔA_{440 nm}⋅10³)^{^b}	219^{^a}	N.D.	318^{^a}	67^{^a}^,^{^c}	147^{^a}	N.D.
O₂⁻ (ΔA_{560 nm}⋅10³)^{^d}	N.D.	N.D.	94^{^a}	N.D.^{^c}	N.D.	N.D.
3T3 NRU PT
PIF	49.5^{^a}	1.0	68.9^{^a}	N.A.	1.0	1.0
PK analysis after dermal coadministration^{^e}
T_max (h)	4	6	24	8	6	24
C_max (μg/g tissue)	6.1 ± 0.6	6.0 ± 1.0	8.7 ± 0.9^{^a}	7.8 ± 0.5	7.8 ± 1.2	7.8 ± 0.5
AUC_0–24 (h⋅μg/g tissue)	64.5 ± 2.8	53.4 ± 3.1	160.0 ± 7.3	87.6 ± 4.0	98.6 ± 5.1	133.5 ± 7.4
MRT (h)	8.4 ± 0.3	7.2 ± 0.3	>14.2^{^a}	8.4 ± 0.2	9.3 ± 0.2	>14.9^{^a}

AUC_0–24, area under the concentration versus time curve from 0 to 24 hours. N.A., not applicable due to solubility issue; N.D., not detected.
↵^a High levels of each crucial factor: MEC values over 1000 M⁻¹⋅cm⁻¹ in the UV-visible spectral analysis; ROS data over criteria in the ROS assay (¹O₂ [ΔA_{440 nm}⋅10³]: 25; and O₂⁻ [ΔA_{560 nm}⋅10³]: 20); PIF values over criteria in the 3T3 NRU PT (PIF: 5); and higher values of PK parameters (C_max and MRT) in the PK analysis.
↵^b Decrease in A_{440 nm}⋅10³.
↵^d Increase in A_{560 nm}⋅10³.
↵^c ROS data from irradiated MX (100 μM).
↵^e C_max and MRT values were used as crucial factors for in vivo phototoxic prediction. Each value represents mean ± S.E. for five rats.