TABLE 1

Selective pharmacological inhibition of PDE4 with Ro-20-1724 (1 μM) reduces DSM contractions and the post-treatment with paxilline (1 μM) recovered DSM contractility

Data are expressed as means ± S.E.M. in percentage of control.

Condition	Compound	Amplitude	Force	Duration	Frequency	Tone	n/N
Spontaneous contraction	Ro-20-1724	36.6 ± 6.5	33.2 ± 7.2	84.4 ± 5.3	58.8 ± 12.3	79.5 ± 6.6	7/6
	Ro-20-1724	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	7/6
	Ro-20-1724	133.0 ± 20.1	80.3 ± 10.1	69.7 ± 7.5	182.1 ± 33.5	109.1 ± 20.8	7/6
	+ Paxilline	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	7/6
Carbachol-induced contraction	Ro-20-1724	22.4 ± 4.0	19.9 ± 4.6	68.6 ± 9.3	61.5 ± 9.5	57.6 ± 6.4	12/5
	Ro-20-1724	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	12/5
	Ro-20-1724	60.4 ± 9.9	32.5 ± 6.1	54.3 ± 3.0	188.7 ± 25.9	84.9 ± 15.2	12/5
	+ Paxilline	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	12/5
EFS-induced contraction	Ro-20-1724	34.0 ± 2.1	32.9 ± 3.1	99.4 ± 5.3	N/A	64.8 ± 6.3	10/5
	Ro-20-1724	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P > 0.05	N/A	P < 0.05	10/5
	Ro-20-1724	78.9 ± 7.9	78.8 ± 10.4	98.4 ± 4.8	N/A	74.6 ± 12.5	9/5
	+ Paxilline	P < 0.05	P < 0.05	P > 0.05	N/A	P > 0.05	9/5

EFS, electrical field stimulation; N/A, not applicable. The P value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant.