Brain Region | Saline | Nicotine | ANOVA Results | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.125 mg/kg/h | 0.25 mg/kg/h | 0.5 mg/kg/h | 1.0 mg/kg/h | 2.0 mg/kg/h | 4.0 mg/kg/h | |||
Olfactory bulbs | 0.062 ± 0.015 | 0.092 ± 0.010 | 0.082 ± 0.019 | 0.130 ± 0.024 | 0.182 ± 0.022 | 0.168 ± 0.019 | 0.217 ± 0.037 | F6,55 = 6.45, P < 0.001 |
Accessory olfactory N. | 0.284 ± 0.032 | 0.437 ± 0.043 | 0.440 ± 0.00040 | 0.488 ± 0.043 | 0.586 ± 0.048 | 0.589 ± 0.031 | 0.681 ± 0.057 | F6,55 = 9.48, P < 0.001 |
Frontal cortex | 0.266 ± 0.025 | 0.322 ± 0.035 | 0.376 ± 0.070 | 0.367 ± 0.034 | 0.433 ± 0.043 | 0.458 ± 0.031 | 0.441 ± 0.052 | F6,55 = 2.51, P < 0.05 |
Orbital cortex | 0.593 ± 0.038 | 0.802 ± 0.053 | 0.798 ± 0.119 | 0.815 ± 0.066 | 0.915 ± 0.065 | 0.932 ± 0.050 | 1.025 ± 0.109 | F6,55 = 3.18, P < 0.01 |
Cingulate cortex | 0.852 ± 0.065 | 0.924 ± 0.086 | 0.876 ± 0.076 | 1.138 ± 0.117 | 1.129 ± 0.083 | 1.178 ± 0.084 | 1.146 ± 0.085 | F6,55 = 2.75, P < 0.05 |
Cerebral cortex, outer | 0.315 ± 0.025 | 0.368 ± 0.025 | 0.298 ± 0.028 | 0.358 ± 0.028 | 0.511 ± 0.041 | 0.454 ± 0.344 | 0.476 ± 0.031 | F6,55 = 7.10, P < 0.001 |
Cerebral cortex, inner | 0.549 ± 0.044 | 0.651 ± 0.047 | 0.568 ± 0.045 | 0.693 ± 0.045 | 0.849 ± 0.057 | 0.846 ± 0.059 | 0.839 ± 0.053 | F6,54 = 6.91, P < 0.001 |
Amygdala | 0.194 ± 0.022 | 0.246 ± 0.018 | 0.230 ± 0.026 | 0.285 ± 0.028 | 0.358 ± 0.037 | 0.354 ± 0.029 | 0.353 ± 0.021 | F6,54 = 6.38, P < 0.001 |
Septum | 0.293 ± 0.026 | 0.380 ± 0.037 | 0.363 ± 0.029 | 0.399 ± 0.039 | 0.478 ± 0.047 | 0.427 ± 0.025 | 0.441 ± 0.034 | F6,55 = 3.04, P < 0.05 |
Hippocampus | 0.252 ± 0.028 | 0.296 ± 0.027 | 0.269 ± 0.025 | 0.320 ± 0.031 | 0.372 ± 0.027 | 0.367 ± 0.026 | 0.353 ± 0.021 | F6,55 = 3.75, P < 0.01 |
Subiculum | 1.215 ± 0.091 | 1.333 ± 0.091 | 1.226 ± 0.087 | 1.402 ± 0.083 | 1.500 ± 0.183 | 1.691 ± 0.109 | 1.507 ± 0.088 | F6,55 = 2.40, P < 0.05 |
Anterodorsal thalamic n. | 2.461 ± 0.110 | 2.541 ± 0.129 | 2.225 ± 0.137 | 2.231 ± 0.191 | 2.596 ± 0.136 | 2.428 ± 0.149 | 2.444 ± 0.161 | F6,55 = 0.75, P > 0.05, N.S. |
Laterodorsal thalamic n. | 2.021 ± 0.116 | 2.089 ± 0.122 | 1.818 ± 0.119 | 1.971 ± 0.121 | 2.052 ± 0.123 | 2.129 ± 0.132 | 2.269 ± 0.231 | F6,55 = 0.96, P > 0.05, N.S. |
Mediodorsal thalamic n. | 1.986 ± 0.115 | 1.995 ± 0.117 | 1.699 ± 0.130 | 1.929 ± 0.113 | 2.013 ± 0.113 | 2.025 ± 0.129 | 2.126 ± 0.157 | F6,55 = 1.12, P > 0.05, N.S. |
Ventrolateral thalamic n. | 1.399 ± 0.081 | 1.411 ± 0.063 | 1.275 ± 0.087 | 1.433 ± 0.087 | 1.576 ± 0.093 | 1.530 ± 0.093 | 1.551 ± 0.110 | F6,55 = 1.38, P > 0.05 N.S. |
Hypothalamus | 0.329 ± 0.046 | 0.397 ± 0.020 | 0.395 ± 0.035 | 0.444 ± 0.035 | 0.544 ± 0.043 | 0.562 ± 0.059 | 0.548 ± 0.038 | F6,55 = 4.77, P < 0.001 |
Zona incerta | 0.756 ± 0.051 | 0.913 ± 0.056 | 0.786 ± 0.064 | 1.074 ± 0.061 | 1.048 ± 0.063 | 1.133 ± 0.077 | 1.071 ± 0.055 | F6,55 = 5.68, P < 0.001 |
Ventrolateral geniculate n. | 0.709 ± 0.056 | 0.741 ± 0.0047 | 0.665 ± 0.031 | 0.790 ± 0.058 | 0.922 ± 0.054 | 0.887 ± 0.053 | 0.867 ± 0.041 | F6,55 = 3.92, P < 0.01 |
Dorsolateral geniculate n. | 1.406 ± 0.112 | 1.534 ± 0.138 | 1.236 ± 0.078 | 1.480 ± 0.099 | 1.642 ± 0.122 | 1.685 ± 0.100 | 1.411 ± 0.147 | F6,55 = 1.80, P > 0.05, N.S. |
Superior colliculus, outer | 0.961 ± 0.056 | 1.143 ± 0.077 | 0.987 ± 0.056 | 1.185 ± 0.091 | 1.371 ± 0.100 | 1.379 ± 0.086 | 1.354 ± 0.062 | F6,55 = 5.38, P < 0.001 |
Superior colliculus, deeper | 0.803 ± 0.053 | 1.032 ± 0.070 | 0.867 ± 0.047 | 1.017 ± 0.073 | 1.113 ± 0.165 | 1.137 ± 0.149 | 1.248 ± 0.066 | F6,55 = 2.44, P < 0.05 |
Medial geniculate n. | 1.125 ± 0.054 | 1.421 ± 0.108 | 1.135 ± 0.078 | 1.302 ± 0.161 | 1.517 ± 0.096 | 1.512 ± 0.109 | 1.452 ± 0.070 | F6,55 = 2.77, P < 0.05 |
Inferior colliculus, dorsal | 0.474 ± 0.043 | 0.552 ± 0.030 | 0.514 ± 0.039 | 0.671 ± 0.058 | 0.724 ± 0.076 | 0.790 ± 0.061 | 0.710 ± 0.034 | F6,55 = 5.40, P < 0.001 |
Inferior colliculus, core | 0.196 ± 0.019 | 0.228 ± 0.019 | 0.215 ± 0.025 | 0.283 ± 0.033 | 0.321 ± 0.039 | 0.335 ± 0.036 | 0.295 ± 0.026 | F6,55 = 3.49, P < 0.01 |
Inferior colliculus, external | 0.340 ± 0.032 | 0.416 ± 0.026 | 0.365 ± 0.033 | 0.499 ± 0.039 | 0.568 ± 0.060 | 0.608 ± 0.063 | 0.549 ± 0.022 | F6,55 = 6.14, P < 0.001 |
Caudate putamen | 0.459 ± 0.034 | 0.576 ± 0.047 | 0.544 ± 0.049 | 0.600 ± 0.045 | 0.720 ± 0.066 | 0.654 ± 0.032 | 0.691 ± 0.067 | F6,55 = 3.22, P < 0.01 |
Nucleus accumbens | 0.267 ± 0.023 | 0.337 ± 0.031 | 0.341 ± 0.036 | 0.377 ± 0.031 | 0.460 ± 0.045 | 0.416 ± 0.032 | 0.414 ± 0.032 | F6,55 = 3.70, P < 0.01 |
Olfactory tubercles | 0.252 ± 0.025 | 0.350 ± 0.034 | 0.341 ± 0.042 | 0.365 ± 0.027 | 0.472 ± 0.045 | 0.443 ± 0.034 | 0.451 ± 0.031 | F6,55 = 5.08, P < 0.001 |
Substantia nigra, pars compacta | 0.639 ± 0.034 | 0.788 ± 0.064 | 0.671 ± 0.045 | 0.785 ± 0.052 | 0.928 ± 0.072 | 0.953 ± 0.070 | 0.877 ± 0.052 | F6,55 = 4.64, P < 0.001 |
Ventral tegmental area | 0.684 ± 0.044 | 0.834 ± 0.058 | 0.730 ± 0.034 | 0.832 ± 0.044 | 0.996 ± 0.072 | 0.994 ± 0.067 | 0.932 ± 0.056 | F6,55 = 5.03, P < 0.001 |
Medial habenula | 0.664 ± 0.0042 | 0.675 ± 0.052 | 0.687 ± 0.036 | 0.730 ± 0.043 | 0.834 ± 0.052 | 0.836 ± 0.066 | 0.805 ± 0.067 | F6,55 = 2.07, P > 0.05, N.S. |
Interpeduncular nucleus | 1.976 ± 0.122 | 2.190 ± 0.175 | 1.544 ± 0.142 | 1.884 ± 0.150 | 1.876 ± 0.117 | 2.067 ± 0.155 | 1.776 ± 0.142 | F6,55 = 2.18, P > 0.05, N.S. |
Periaquiductal grey | 0.632 ± 0.043 | 0.815 ± 0.051 | 0.732 ± 0.040 | 0.852 ± 0.054 | 0.973 ± 0.080 | 1.018 ± 0.081 | 1.017 ± 0.053 | F6,55 = 6.46, P < 0.001 |
Deep mesencephalic area | 0.588 ± 0.047 | 0.719 ± 0.048 | 0.624 ± 0.031 | 0.802 ± 0.059 | 0.877 ± 0.067 | 0.953 ± 0.076 | 0.863 ± 0.038 | F6,55 = 6.20, P < 0.001 |
Dorsal tegmental n. | 0.862 ± 0.074 | 0.969 ± 0.053 | 0.872 ± 0.050 | 1.066 ± 0.081 | 1.185 ± 0.092 | 1.229 ± 0.156 | 1.120 ± 0.058 | F6,55 = 3.51, P < 0.001 |
Pons | 0.307 ± 0.027 | 0.405 ± 0.032 | 0.326 ± 0.030 | 0.434 ± 0.033 | 0.505 ± 0.039 | 0.532 ± 0.059 | 0.452 ± 0.031 | F6,55 = 5.17, P < 0.001 |
Pontine nucleus | 0.564 ± 0.030 | 0.697 ± 0.045 | 0.633 ± 0.084 | 0.747 ± 0.081 | 0.874 ± 0.079 | 0.821 ± 0.083 | 0.861 ± 0.035 | F6,55 = 3.12, P < 0.05 |
Cerebellum | 0.020 ± 0.009 | 0.029 ± 0.008 | 0.000 ± 0.010 | 0.038 ± 0.014 | 0.062 ± 0.015 | 0.049 ± 0.014 | 0.043 ± 0.011 | F6,55 = 2.92, P < 0.05 |
N.S., not significant.