TABLE 1

Binding of codeine and inhibitors to human liver microsomes (1 mg/ml) in the absence and presence of bovine serum albumin (2% w/v)

Results are presented as fraction unbound in the incubation mixture (fu_inc) ± S.D.

	HLM	HLM Plus 2% BSA
Codeine	0.98 ± 0.013	0.96 ± 0.007
Dextropropoxyphene	0.69 ± 0.029	0.29–0.51^{^a}
Fluconazole^{^b}	1.04 ± 0.020	0.92 ± 0.027
Ketoconazole	0.27 ± 0.005	0.09 ± 0.003
Methadone	0.72 ± 0.039	0.56 ± 0.015
Valproic acid	0.99 ± 0.007	0.29–0.77^{^c}

↵a fu_incconcentration dependent in the range 2.5 to 20 μM.
↵b Data taken from Uchaipichat et al., 2006b.
↵c fu_incconcentration dependent in the range 0.5 to 6 mM.