Metabolite | Nutritional or Pharmacologic Condition | Disease | Associated Effects | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nicotinamide | High dose (25-50 mg kg-1) | Diabetes | Protection of islets | Knip et al., 2000; Gale et al., 2004 |
Nicotinamide | High dose | Cardiac disease and stroke | Protection of tissues | Virag and Szabo, 2002 |
Nicotinamide | High dose | Fetal ischemia | Neuroprotection | Ieraci and Herrera, 2006 |
Fetal alcohol syndrome | Feng et al., 2007 | |||
Nicotinamide riboside | No proven use | Bacterial infection (Hemophilus influenzae) | Precursor for Bacterial NAD+ | Belenky et al., 2007 |
Nicotinic acid | High-dose (Fast release or slow release 1-20 g day-1) | Hypercholesterolemia | Reduced lipids (low density lipoproteins, fatty acids and cholesterol) | Capuzzi et al., 2000; Carlson, 2004 |
Kamanna and Kashyap, 2000 | ||||
Increased HDL | ||||
Reduced mortality | ||||
Reduced cardiac incidents | ||||
Tryptophan | Nutritional supplement | Niacin deficiency | Restoration of NAD+ levels in tissues | Fukuwatari et al., 2004 |
NAD+ | No proven use | Stroke | Depletion of NAD+ | Hassa et al., 2006 |
Cardiac ischemia | Cell and Tissue Death | Virag and Szabo, 2002 | ||
Vitamin B3 (all forms and tryptophan) | Nutritional deficiency | Pellagra or B3 deficiency | Low NAD+ levels | Belenky et al., 2007 |
Dermititis | Revollo et al., 2007 | |||
Dementia | ||||
Diarrhea | ||||
Vitamin B3 (all forms and tryptophan) | Nutritional deficiency | Cancer (in B3 deficiency) | UV sensitivity | Kirkland, 2003 |
DNA damage sensitivity | ||||
Mutations | ||||
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| Carcinogenesis |
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