Levels of HNE and MDA in brain of human chronic methamphetamine users and control subjects
Data are in mean ± S.E.M. Frontal cortex was taken from Brodmann area 9. Levels of HNE and MDA are expressed as picomoles per milligram of protein. Values in parentheses are percentage change with respect to the mean control value.
HNE | MDA | |
|---|---|---|
| Controls (n = 21) | ||
| Caudate | 12.0 ± 0.9 | 418 ± 43 |
| Frontal cortex | 15.6 ± 0.7 | 912 ± 56c |
| Cerebellar cortex | 13.9 ± 1.1 | 623 ± 49 |
| MA users (n = 16) | ||
| Caudate | 20.1 ± 1.7b (+67%) | 733 ± 59a (+75%)d |
| Frontal cortex | 23.2 ± 2.4b (+48%) | 1244 ± 134a,c (+36%) |
| Cerebellar cortex | 15.9 ± 1.0 (+14%) | 718 ± 55 (+15%) |
↵ a p < 0.05, MA vs. control.
↵ b p < 0.001, MA vs. control.
↵ c p < 0.05, frontal cortex vs. the other two regions (two-way ANCOVA with post mortem interval as the covariate, followed by post hoc Bonferroni's tests).
↵ d p < 0.05, caudate vs. frontal cortex percentage change from controls (paired Student's t tests).