RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Control of Macrophage Dynamics as a Potential Therapeutic Approach for Clinical Disorders Involving Chronic Inflammation JF Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics JO J Pharmacol Exp Ther FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics SP 240 OP 250 DO 10.1124/jpet.115.225540 VO 354 IS 3 A1 Wakana Ohashi A1 Kohshi Hattori A1 Yuichi Hattori YR 2015 UL http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/354/3/240.abstract AB Macrophages are a well recognized player of both innate and adaptive immunity and have emerged as a key regulator of systemicmetabolism, hematopoiesis, vasculogenesis, apoptosis, malignancy, and reproduction. Such pleiotropic roles of macrophages are mirrored by their protean features. Upon environmental. challenges, macrophages redistribute and differentiate in situ and contribute to the multiple disease states by exerting protective and pathogenic effects. The environmental challenges include cytokines, chemokines, lipid mediators, and extrinsic insults, such as food and pathogenic bacteria. In addition, homeostasis and the activation state of macrophages are influenced by various metabolites from a commensal microbe that colonizes epithelial and mucosal surfaces, such as the lungs, intestines, and skin. In this review, we describe macrophage differentiation, polarization, and various functions in chronic disease states, including chronic inflammatory bowel disease, tumorigenesis, metabolism and obesity, and central nervous system demyelinating disorders. Controlling the macrophage dynamics to affect the pathologic states is considered to be an important therapeutic approach for many clinical disorders involving chronic inflammation.