PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - E. van de Steeg AU - R. Kleemann AU - H. T. Jansen AU - W. van Duyvenvoorde AU - E. H. Offerman AU - H. M. Wortelboer AU - J. DeGroot TI - Combined Analysis of Pharmacokinetic and Efficacy Data of Preclinical Studies with Statins Markedly Improves Translation of Drug Efficacy to Human Trials AID - 10.1124/jpet.113.208595 DP - 2013 Dec 01 TA - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics PG - 635--644 VI - 347 IP - 3 4099 - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/347/3/635.short 4100 - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/347/3/635.full SO - J Pharmacol Exp Ther2013 Dec 01; 347 AB - Correct prediction of human pharmacokinetics (PK) and the safety and efficacy of novel compounds based on preclinical data, is essential but often fails. In the current study, we aimed to improve the predictive value of ApoE*3Leiden (E3L) transgenic mice regarding the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of various statins in humans by combining pharmacokinetic with efficacy data. The efficacy of five currently marketed statins (atorvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin) in hypercholesterolemic patients (low-density lipoprotein ≥ 160 mg/dl) was ranked based on meta-analysis of published human trials. Additionally, a preclinical combined PK efficacy data set for these five statins was established in E3L mice that were fed a high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of drug intervention in which statins were supplemented to the diet. Plasma and tissue levels of the statins were determined on administration of (radiolabeled) drugs (10 mg/kg p.o.). As expected, all statins reduced plasma cholesterol in the preclinical model, but a direct correlation between cholesterol lowering efficacy of the different statins in mice and in humans did not reach statistical significance (R2 = 0.11, P < 0.57). It is noteworthy that, when murine data were corrected for effective liver uptake of the different statins, the correlation markedly increased (R2 = 0.89, P < 0.05). Here we show for the first time that hepatic uptake of statins is related to their cholesterol-lowering efficacy and provide evidence that combined PK and efficacy studies can substantially improve the translational value of the E3L mouse model in the case of statin treatment. This strategy may also be applicable for other classes of drugs and other preclinical models.