TY - JOUR T1 - Nicotine Exacerbates Brain Edema during In Vitro and In Vivo Focal Ischemic Conditions JF - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics JO - J Pharmacol Exp Ther SP - 371 LP - 379 DO - 10.1124/jpet.109.157776 VL - 332 IS - 2 AU - Jennifer R. Paulson AU - Tianzhi Yang AU - Pradeep K. Selvaraj AU - Alexander Mdzinarishvili AU - Cornelis J. Van der Schyf AU - Jochen Klein AU - Ulrich Bickel AU - Thomas J. Abbruscato Y1 - 2010/02/01 UR - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/332/2/371.abstract N2 - We have previously shown that nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco products, alters the blood-brain barrier (BBB) Na+,K+,2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC) during in vitro hypoxia-aglycemia exposure. Attenuation of abluminal NKCC suggests that accumulation of ions in the brain extracellular fluid would result in an increase of fluid or cytotoxic edema in the brain during hypoxia-aglycemia or stroke conditions. To further investigate whether nicotine products have the potential to worsen stroke outcome by increasing edema formation, two separate models to mimic stroke conditions were utilized to decipher the effects of short-term and long-term administrations of nicotine products on brain edema following stroke. Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) was studied in rat hippocampal slices with short-term or long-term exposure to nicotine and cigarette smoke constituents. During short-term exposure, the presence of nicotine at a concentration mimicking heavy smokers increased water content of hippocampal slices during OGD. Furthermore, long-term 1-week administration of nicotine increased water content in hippocampal slices that could be attenuated with nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists, suggesting nicotine increase edema during OGD via nAChRs. A second model of focal ischemia, middle cerebral artery occlusion, showed an increase of infarct size during short-term exposure to nicotine and an increase of edema during both short-term and long-term administration of nicotine, compared with saline controls. These findings support the paradigm that nicotine products not only increase the incidence of stroke but also have the potential to worsen stroke outcome by increased edema formation. Copyright © 2010 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics ER -