RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Pharmacological Properties of <em>N</em>-(3,5-Diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carbonyl)-<em>N</em>′-4-[4-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)phenyl]butyl-guanidine Methanesulfonate (552-02), a Novel Epithelial Sodium Channel Blocker with Potential Clinical Efficacy for Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease
JF Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
JO J Pharmacol Exp Ther
FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
SP 77
OP 88
DO 10.1124/jpet.107.130443
VO 325
IS 1
A1 Andrew J. Hirsh
A1 Jim Zhang
A1 Andra Zamurs
A1 Jacquelyn Fleegle
A1 William R. Thelin
A1 Ray A. Caldwell
A1 Juan R. Sabater
A1 William M. Abraham
A1 Mark Donowitz
A1 Boyoung Cha
A1 Kevin B. Johnson
A1 Judith A. St. George
A1 M. Ross Johnson
A1 Richard C. Boucher
YR 2008
UL http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/325/1/77.abstract
AB Amiloride improves mucociliary clearance (MC) by blocking airway epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) and expanding airway surface liquid (ASL). However, the low potency and rapid absorption of amiloride by airway epithelia translated into a short duration of efficacy as an aerosolized therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. To improve ENaC blocker CF pharmacotherapy, a more potent and durable ENaC blocker tailored for aerosol delivery was synthesized. Parion compound N-(3,5-diamino-6-chloropyrazine-2-carbonyl)-N′-4-[4-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)phenyl]butyl-guanidine methanesulfonate (552-02) was tested for potency and reversibility of ENaC block, epithelial absorption and biotransformation, selectivity, durability of ASL expansion under isotonic and hypertonic conditions in canine and human CF bronchial epithelial cells, and drug dissociation on ENaC in Xenopus oocytes. Short-circuit current assessed compound potency and reversibility, patch-clamp recordings of ENaC current assessed drug off-rate (koff), a gravimetric method and confocal microscopy measured mucosal water retention and ASL height, and drug absorption and biotransformation were assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Amiloride and 552-02 were tested in vivo for MC activity in sheep immediately and 4 to 6 h after aerosol dosing. Compared with amiloride, compound 552-02 was 60 to 100-fold more potent, it was 2 to 5-fold less reversible, it was slower at crossing the epithelium, and it exhibited a 170-fold slower koff value. 552-02 exhibited greater ASL expansion over 8 h in vitro, and it was more effective than amiloride at increasing MC immediately and 4 to 6 h after dosing. When combining hypertonic saline and 552-02, a synergistic effect on ASL expansion was measured in canine or CF bronchial epithelia. In summary, the preclinical data support the clinical use of 552-02 +/– hypertonic saline for CF lung disease. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics