PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Lorie A. Gonzalez AU - Michael B. Gatch AU - Cynthia M. Taylor AU - Cathy L. Bell-Horner AU - Michael J. Forster AU - Glenn H. Dillon TI - Carisoprodol-Mediated Modulation of GABA<sub>A</sub> Receptors: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies AID - 10.1124/jpet.109.151142 DP - 2009 May 01 TA - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics PG - 827--837 VI - 329 IP - 2 4099 - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/329/2/827.short 4100 - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/329/2/827.full SO - J Pharmacol Exp Ther2009 May 01; 329 AB - Carisoprodol is a frequently prescribed muscle relaxant. In recent years, this drug has been increasingly abused. The effects of carisoprodol have been attributed to its metabolite, meprobamate, a controlled substance that produces sedation via GABAA receptors (GABAARs). Given the structural similarities between carisoprodol and meprobamate, we used electrophysiological and behavioral approaches to investigate whether carisoprodol directly affects GABAAR function. In whole-cell patch-clamp studies, carisoprodol allosterically modulated and directly activated human α1β2γ2 GABAAR function in a barbiturate-like manner. At millimolar concentrations, inhibitory effects were apparent. Similar allosteric effects were not observed for homomeric ρ1 GABA or glycine α1 receptors. In the absence of GABA, carisoprodol produced picrotoxin-sensitive, inward currents that were significantly larger than those produced by meprobamate, suggesting carisoprodol may directly produce GABAergic effects in vivo. When administered to mice via intraperitoneal or oral routes, carisoprodol elicited locomotor depression within 8 to 12 min after injection. Intraperitoneal administration of meprobamate depressed locomotor activity in the same time frame. In drug discrimination studies with carisoprodol-trained rats, the GABAergic ligands pentobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, and meprobamate each substituted for carisoprodol in a dose-dependent manner. In accordance with findings in vitro, the discriminative stimulus effects of carisoprodol were antagonized by a barbiturate antagonist, bemegride, but not by the benzodiazepine site antagonist, flumazenil. The results of our studies in vivo and in vitro collectively suggest the barbiturate-like effects of carisoprodol may not be due solely to its metabolite, meprobamate. Furthermore, the functional traits we have identified probably contribute to the abuse potential of carisoprodol. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics