RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Characterization of the Antinociceptive Actions of Bicifadine in Models of Acute, Persistent, and Chronic Pain JF Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics JO J Pharmacol Exp Ther FD American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics SP 1208 OP 1225 DO 10.1124/jpet.106.116483 VO 321 IS 3 A1 Anthony S. Basile A1 Aaron Janowsky A1 Krystyna Golembiowska A1 Magdalena Kowalska A1 Eyal Tam A1 Morris Benveniste A1 Piotr Popik A1 Agnieszka Nikiforuk A1 Martyna Krawczyk A1 Gabriel Nowak A1 Philip A. Krieter A1 Arnold S. Lippa A1 Phil Skolnick A1 Elena Koustova YR 2007 UL http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/321/3/1208.abstract AB Bicifadine (1-p-tolyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) inhibits monoamine neurotransmitter uptake by recombinant human transporters in vitro with a relative potency of norepinephrine > serotonin > dopamine (≈1:2:17). This in vitro profile is supported by microdialysis studies in freely moving rats, where bicifadine (20 mg/kg i.p.) increased extrasynaptic norepinephrine and serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex, norepinephrine levels in the locus coeruleus, and dopamine levels in the striatum. Orally administered bicifadine is an effective antinociceptive in several models of acute, persistent, and chronic pain. Bicifadine potently suppressed pain responses in both the Randall-Selitto and kaolin models of acute inflammatory pain and in the phenyl-p-quinone-induced and colonic distension models of persistent visceral pain. Unlike many transport inhibitors, bicifadine was potent and completely efficacious in both phases of the formalin test in both rats and mice. Bicifadine also normalized the nociceptive threshold in the complete Freund's adjuvant model of persistent inflammatory pain and suppressed mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in the spinal nerve ligation model of chronic neuropathic pain. Mechanical hyperalgesia was also reduced by bicifadine in the streptozotocin model of neuropathic pain. Administration of the D2 receptor antagonist (-)-sulpiride reduced the effects of bicifadine in the mechanical hyperalgesia assessment in rats with spinal nerve ligations. These results indicate that bicifadine is a functional triple reuptake inhibitor with antinociceptive and antiallodynic activity in acute, persistent, and chronic pain models, with activation of dopaminergic pathways contributing to its antihyperalgesic actions. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics