TY - JOUR T1 - Roles of Nuclear Factor-κB, p53, and p21/WAF1 in Daunomycin-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis JF - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics JO - J Pharmacol Exp Ther SP - 870 LP - 878 VL - 295 IS - 3 AU - Anne-Cécile Hellin AU - Mohamed Bentires-Alj AU - Myriam Verlaet AU - Valérie Benoit AU - Jacques Gielen AU - Vincent Bours AU - Marie-Paule Merville Y1 - 2000/12/01 UR - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/295/3/870.abstract N2 - Daunomycin is a potent inducer of p53 and NF-κB transcription factors. It is also able to increase the amount of the p21 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. The human p21 promoter harbors p53-responsive elements and an NF-κB binding site. We demonstrated, in human breast and colon carcinoma cells, the binding of NF-κB dimers to the κB site and the transcriptional activation of the human p21 promoter by daunomycin and by NF-κB subunits, thereby confirming the functionality of this κB binding site. However, using different tumor cell lines where p53 or NF-κB was inactive, we showed that p21 activation and cell cycle arrest induced by daunomycin was p53-dependent and NF-κB-independent, whereas daunomycin-induced apoptosis was p53- and NF-κB-independent. The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics ER -