PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - RICHARD F. H. CATCHLOVE TI - THE INFLUENCE OF CO<sub>2</sub> AND pH ON LOCAL ANESTHETIC ACTION DP - 1972 May 01 TA - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics PG - 298--309 VI - 181 IP - 2 4099 - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/181/2/298.short 4100 - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/181/2/298.full SO - J Pharmacol Exp Ther1972 May 01; 181 AB - Local anesthetic solutions having different combinations of pCO2 and pH were applied to sheathed and desheathed frog nerves while recording the compound action potential. CO2 (1-50%) and local anesthetic (1.0 mM) caused a much greater block when given together than when applied separately. The effect was maximal at a relatively high pH (7.3). The permeability of the nerve sheath to radioactive lidocaine and sucrose was measured while perfusing these substances through a segment of isolated sheath. The apparent permeability to the anesthetic was a linear function of the fraction of nonionized lidocaine and this permeability was not changed by varying pCO2 or pH. It was concluded that CO2 potentiates the action of local anesthetics by 1) a direct depressant effect of CO2 on the axon, 2) concentrating local anesthetic inside the nerve trunk (diffusion trapping) and 3) converting local anesthetic to the active cation through its effect on pH at the site of action inside the nerve. © 1972 by The Williams &amp; Wilkins Co.