TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Antimuscarinic Agents on Bladder Functions in Both Nonhuman Primates and Rodents JF - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics JO - J Pharmacol Exp Ther SP - 220 LP - 227 DO - 10.1124/jpet.111.179747 VL - 338 IS - 1 AU - Hiroshi Nagabukuro AU - Katherine L. Villa AU - L. Alexandra Wickham AU - Alison A. Kulick AU - Loise Gichuru AU - Marcie J. Donnelly AU - Gregory O. Voronin AU - Tony Pereira AU - Xinchun Tong AU - Andrew Nichols AU - Stephen E. Alves AU - Gary P. O'Neill AU - Christopher V. Johnson AU - Emily J. Hickey Y1 - 2011/07/01 UR - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/338/1/220.abstract N2 - Both the physiological role of muscarinic receptors for bladder function and the therapeutic efficacy of antimuscarinic agents for overactive bladder syndrome are well documented. We investigated the effect of antimuscarinic agents with different subtype selectivity on urodynamic parameters in nonhuman primates and rodents and compared plasma levels of these agents between species. Anesthetized rhesus monkeys were transurethrally catheterized, and the bladder was infused with saline. Urodynamic parameters were measured before and after intravenous drug administration. Tolterodine (nonselective) and oxybutynin (moderately M3-selective) increased bladder capacity at lower doses than those required to decrease micturition pressure. However, higher doses of darifenacin (M3-selective) were needed to increase the bladder capacity than those needed to decrease the micturition pressure. In rats, tolterodine had no effect on the bladder capacity but decreased the micturition pressure at all of the doses administered. Oxybutynin also decreased micturition pressure and increased bladder capacity at the highest dose. Plasma levels of these drugs overlap in both species. These results suggest that, in addition to the M3 receptor, other muscarinic receptor subtypes contribute to regulate bladder storage function in nonhuman primates, since less subtype-selective tolterodine and oxybutynin showed higher specificity to the bladder capacity effect than the effect on micturition pressure compared with M3-selective darifenacin. In addition, the role of muscarinic receptors in bladder storage function varies between primates and rodents. Compared with rodents, muscarinic receptors may play a more active role during the storage phase to regulate the functional bladder capacity in primates. ER -