PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Manisit Das
AU  - Leaf Huang
TI  - Liposomal Nanostructures for Drug Delivery in Gastrointestinal Cancers
AID  - 10.1124/jpet.118.254797
DP  - 2019 Sep 01
TA  - Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
PG  - 647--656
VI  - 370
IP  - 3
4099  - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/370/3/647.short
4100  - http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/370/3/647.full
SO  - J Pharmacol Exp Ther2019 Sep 01; 370
AB  - Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers like liver, pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancer remain some of the most difficult and aggressive cancers. Nanoparticles like liposomes had been approved in the clinic for cancer therapy dating as far back as 1995. Over the years, liposomal formulations have come a long way, facing several roadblocks and failures, and advancing by optimizing formulations and incorporating novel design approaches to navigate therapeutic delivery challenges. The first liposomal formulation for a GI cancer drug was approved recently in 2015, setting the stage for further clinical developments of liposome-based delivery systems for therapies against GI malignancies. This article reviews the design considerations and strategies that can be used to deliver drugs to GI tumors, the wide range of therapeutic agents that have been explored in preclinical as well as clinical studies, and the current therapies that are being investigated in the clinic against GI malignancies.