Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a large group of disabling disorders of the nervous system, characterized by the relative selective death of neuronal subtypes. In most cases, there is overwhelming evidence of impaired mitochondrial function as a causative factor in these diseases. More recently, evidence has emerged for impaired mitochondrial dynamics (shape, size, fission-fusion, distribution, movement etc.) in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we provide a concise overview of the major findings in recent years highlighting the importance of healthy mitochondria for a healthy neuron.
Footnotes
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health National Institute on Aging [Grant P01AG14930] and the Huntington Disease Society of America Coalition for the Cure (M.F.B.).
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org.
ABBREVIATIONS:
- OXPHOS
- oxidative phosphorylation
- Aβ
- β-amyloid peptide
- AD
- Alzheimer's disease
- AICAR
- 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside
- ALS
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- AMPK
- AMP-activated protein kinase
- APP
- amyloid precursor protein
- ARE
- antioxidant response element
- CDDO-MA
- CDDOmethylamide
- CoQ10
- coenzyme Q10
- COX
- cytochrome c oxidase
- DA
- dopaminergic
- Drp1
- dynamin related-protein 1
- HD
- Huntington's disease
- Hsp
- heat shock protein
- htt
- huntingtin
- mhtt
- mutant htt
- LRRK2
- leucine-rich repeat kinase 2
- Mfn
- mitofusin
- MMP
- mitochondrial membrane potential
- MPTP
- 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
- mtDNA
- mitochondrial DNA
- NRF
- nuclear respiratory factor
- 3-NP
- 3-nitropropionic acid
- OMM
- outer mitochondrial membrane
- OPA1
- optic atrophy 1
- PD
- Parkinson's disease
- PGC-1α
- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α
- PINK1
- phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1
- PPAR
- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PS
- presenilin
- ROS
- reactive oxygen species
- SIRT
- silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog
- SOD
- superoxide dismutase
- Tfam
- mitochondrial transcription factor A
- TP
- triterpenoid.
- Received February 4, 2012.
- Accepted June 1, 2012.
- Copyright © 2012 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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