Ca channel α1 subunit (CaV1 and CaV2, but not CaV3) | Extracellular part of domain III (??) | VWF-A domain MIDAS | Coisolation with solubilized protein purification | ↑ Ca channel membrane stability; alters Ca channel kinetics | ↓ Ca channel number at membrane | Felix et al., 1997; Canti et al., 2005 |
Ca channel α1 subunit (CaV1.1) (skeletal muscle) | Extracellular part of domain III loop 5, domain I loop 5, and domain II loop 5 | VWF-A domain and Cache 1 domain | Cryo-electron microscopy with molecular modeling of α1 and α2δ-1 | | | Briot et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2016 |
NMDA-R NR1/2A and NR1/2B subtypes (both pre- and postsynapse)a | NR1 and NR2A subunits (requires assembled subunits) | Transmembrane C-terminal regiona | Coimmunoprecipitation; FRET fluorescence | ↑ NMDA current; ↑ presynaptic release | ↓ NMDA current, ↓ α2δ-1-NMDA-R binding | Chen et al., 2018; Luo et al., 2018; Ma et al., 2018 |
Neurexin-1α | Neurexin-1α LG domains 1 and 5 | ?? | Coimmunoprecipitation | | Not tested | Tong et al., 2017 |
Neurexin-1α ectodomain (applied to CHO cells with expressed Ca channel subunits) | Neurexin-1α ectodomain | ?? | [3H]gabapentin binding to CHO cell membranes | Added neurexin ectodomain reduces gabapentin-α2δ-1 binding | ↓ EPSC and size of readily releasable pool in cultured sympathetic neurons | Martínez San Segundo et al., 2020 |
Neurexin-1α | ?? | ?? | Mobility of α2δ-1 single particles reduced by added neurexin; reported nonspecific coimmunoprecipitation | | | Brockhaus et al., 2018 |
Thrombospondin-1, -2, and -4; (source: astrocytes) neocortex | EGF-like repeats (central region) | VWF-A domain | Coimmunoprecipitation; change in α2δ-1 drug binding when thrombospondin present | ↑ New synapse formation | ↓ New synapses; thrombospondin ↓ drug affinity to α2δ-1 | Eroglu et al., 2009; Lana et al., 2016 |
Thrombospondin-4 | EGF-like repeats | ?? | Coimmunoprecipitation; solid phase binding; Biacore instrument | Thrombospondin enhanced pain required α2δ-1 | ↓ Sensitivity to pain and ↓ glutamate release | Park et al., 2016, 2018 |
BK potassium channel | N-terminal region | C-terminal region | Coimmunoprecipitation | BK competes with α2δ-1 actions at Ca channels | None | Zhang et al., 2018 |
LRP1 (cellular protein traffic) | Heavy-chain LBD sequences | VWF-A domain | Coimmunoprecipitation; in vitro protein pull-down | Modulates α2δ-1 traffic; increases α2δ-1 at cell membrane | LRP1 expression ↓ drug binding Bmax to α2δ-1 | Kadurin et al., 2017 |