Contractile or metabolic function | ⇓ Contracture (5 μM), ⇑ LVP (1 μM), ⇓ LVP (5 μM) | ⇑ MTT |
Necrosis (LDH efflux) | Delayed (1 μM), ⇓ (5 μM) | ⇔ |
Mitochondrial function | ⇑ CI flux control | ⇑ ∆ψm, ⇑ Basal OCR, ⇑ Non-Mito OCR, ⇑ Proton leak |
Fission/fusion | ⇓ DRP-1 | ⇓DRP-1, ⇑ OPA-1 |
Survival kinases | ⇓ P-ERK | ⇑ P-AKT, ⇑ Late P-ERK, ⇓ Early P-ERK |
Autophagy | — | ⇑ Parkin, ⇓ LC3B-II, ⇓ LC3B-II/I |
Apoptosis | — | ⇓ PARP cleavage, ⇑ BAX/BCL2 |