Abstract
Methanandamide (MAEA), the stable analog of the endocannabinoid anandamide, has been proven in Xenopus oocytes to allosterically inhibit the function of the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in a cannabinoid (CB) receptor-independent manner. The present study aimed at demonstrating that this mechanism can be activated in vivo. In anesthetized and vagotomized pithed rats treated with atropine, we determined the tachycardic response to electrical stimulation of preganglionic sympathetic nerves via the pithing rod or to i.v. nicotine (0.7 μmol/kg) activating nAChRs on the cardiac postganglionic sympathetic neurons. MAEA (3 and 10 μmol/kg) inhibited the electrically induced tachycardia (maximally by 15–20%; abolished by the CB1 receptor antagonist AM 251 [N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide]; 3 μmol/kg) in pentobarbitone-anesthetized pithed rats, but not in urethane-anesthetized pithed rats, which, thus, are suitable to study the CB1 receptor-independent inhibition of nicotine-evoked tachycardia. The subunit-nonselective nAChR antagonist hexamethonium (100 μmol/kg) and the selective α7-subunit antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA; 3 and 10 μmol/kg) decreased the nicotine-induced tachycardia by 100 and 40%, respectively (maximal effects), suggesting that nAChRs containing the α7-subunit account for 40% of the nicotine-induced tachycardia. MAEA (3 μmol/kg) produced an AM 251-insensitive inhibition (maximum again by 40%) of the nicotine-induced tachycardia. Simultaneous or sequential coadministration of MLA and MAEA inhibited the nicotine-induced tachycardia to the same extent (maximally by 40%) as each of the drugs alone. In conclusion, according to nonadditivity of the effects, MAEA mediates in vivo inhibition by the same receptors as MLA, namely α7-subunit-containing nAChRs, although at an allosteric instead of the orthosteric site.
Footnotes
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This study was supported by the Medical University of Bialystok (Poland; Grants 3-13432F and 3-13672F), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant BR 1741/2-1), and the Foundation for Polish Science (Warsaw, Poland; Alexander von Humboldt Polish Honorary Research Fellowship, to M.G.).
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Parts of this work were previously presented as follows: Göthert M, Baranowskea U, Godlewski G, and Malinowska B (2007) Cannabinoid receptor-independent inhibition by methanandamide of alpha-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated responses in vivo. 37th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience; 2007 Nov 3–7; San Diego, CA. Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC.
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Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org.
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doi:10.1124/jpet.108.140863.
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ABBREVIATIONS: AEA, anandamide; MAEA, methanandamide; CB, cannabinoid; nAChR, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; NIC, nicotine; HR, heart rate; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ISO, isoprenaline; AM 251, N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide; MLA, methyllycaconitine; HEX, hexamethonium; CP 55940, (-)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-trans-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)-cyclohexanol.
- Received May 6, 2008.
- Accepted June 18, 2008.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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