Abstract
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are major transcriptional regulators of cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose metabolism. Genetic disruption of SREBP activity reduces plasma and liver levels of cholesterol and triglycerides and insulin-stimulated lipogenesis, suggesting that SREBP is a viable target for pharmacological intervention. The proprotein convertase SREBP site 1 protease (S1P) is an important posttranscriptional regulator of SREBP activation. This report demonstrates that 10 μM PF-429242 (Bioorg Med Chem Lett 17:4411–4414, 2007), a recently described reversible, competitive aminopyrrolidineamide inhibitor of S1P, inhibits endogenous SREBP processing in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The same compound also down-regulates the signal from an SRE-luciferase reporter gene in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and the expression of endogenous SREBP target genes in cultured HepG2 cells. In HepG2 cells, PF-429242 inhibited cholesterol synthesis, with an IC50 of 0.5 μM. In mice treated with PF-429242 for 24 h, the expression of hepatic SREBP target genes was suppressed, and the hepatic rates of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis were reduced. Taken together, these data establish that small-molecule S1P inhibitors are capable of reducing cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in vivo and, therefore, represent a potential new class of therapeutic agents for dyslipidemia and for a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors associated with diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome.
Footnotes
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Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org.
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doi:10.1124/jpet.108.139626.
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ABBREVIATIONS: SREBP, sterol regulatory element-binding protein; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; SCAP, SREBP cleavage-activating protein; Insig, insulin-induced gene; S1P, SREBP site 1 protease; S2P, SREBP site 2 protease; SRE, sterol response element; CHO, Chinese hamster ovary; sS1P, soluble site 1 protease; DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum; TMR, tetramethylrhodamine; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; HEK, human embryonic kidney; LPDS, delipidated serum; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TLC, thin-layer chromatography; ABCA1, ATP-binding cassette transporter A1.
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↵1 Current affiliation: Department of Translational Medicine and Pharmacogenomics, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana.
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↵2 Current affiliation: Delphi BioMedical Consultants, LLC, Groton, Connecticut.
- Received April 2, 2008.
- Accepted June 23, 2008.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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