Abstract
Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) are compounds capable of delivering controlled amounts of CO within a cellular environment. Ruthenium-based carbonyls [tricarbonyldichloro ruthenium(II) dimer and tricarbonylchloro-(glycinato)ruthenium(II)] and boronacorbonates (sodium boranocarbonate) have been shown to promote vasodilatory, cardioprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities in a variety of experimental models. Here, we extend our previous studies by showing that η-4-(4-bromo-6-methyl-2-pyrone)tricarbonyl iron (0) (CORM-F3), an irontricarbonyl complex that contains a 2-pyrone motif, liberates CO in vitro and exerts pharmacological actions that are typical of CO gas. Specifically, CORM-F3 caused vasorelaxation in isolated aortic rings and inhibited the inflammatory response (e.g., nitrite production) of RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated with endotoxin in a dose-dependent fashion. By analyzing the rate of CO release, we found that when the bromide at the 4-position of the 2-pyrone CORM-F3 is substituted with a chloride group [η-4-(4-chloro-6-methyl-2-pyrone)tricarbonyl iron (0) (CORM-F8)], the rate of CO release is significantly decreased (4.5-fold), and a further decrease is observed when the 4- and 6-positions are substituted with a methyl group [η-4-(4-methyl-6-methyl-2-pyrone)tricarbonyl iron (0) (CORM-F11)] or a hydrogen [η-4-(4-chloro-2-pyrone)tricarbonyl iron (0) (CORM-F7)], respectively. Interestingly, the compounds containing halogens at the 4-position and the methyl at the 6-position of the 2-pyrone ring (CORM-F3 and CORM-F8) were found to be less cytotoxic compared with other CO-RMs when tested in RAW246.7 macrophages. Thus, iron-based carbonyls mediate pharmacological responses that are achieved through liberation of CO and the nature of the substituents in the organic ligand have a profound effect on both the rate of CO release and cytotoxicity.
Footnotes
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Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://jpet.aspetjournals.org.
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doi:10.1124/jpet.106.101758.
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ABBREVIATIONS: CO, carbon monoxide; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; CO-RM, carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, iron carbonyl; CORM-1, dimanganese decacarbonyl; CORM-2, tricarbonyldichloro ruthenium(II) dimer; CORM-3, tricarbonylchloro(glycinato)ruthenium(II); CORM-A1, sodium boranocarbonate; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; CORM-F3, η-4-(4-bromo-6-methyl-2-pyrone)tricarbonyl iron (0); CORM-F7, η-4-(4-chloro-2-pyrone)tricarbonyl iron (0); CORM-F11, η-4-(4-methyl-6-methyl-2-pyrone)tricarbonyl iron (0); CORM-F8, η-4-(4-chloro-6-methyl-2-pyrone)tricarbonyl iron (0); LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; deoxy-Mb, deoxymyoglobin; MbCO, carbonmonoxy myoglobin.
- Received January 23, 2006.
- Accepted April 6, 2006.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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