Abstract
Synthetic agonists of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor subtype γ (PPAR-γ) are highly beneficial in the treatment of type II diabetes. However, they are also associated with fluid retention and edema, potentially serious side effects of unknown origin. These studies were designed to test the hypothesis that rosiglitazone (RGZ, PPAR-γ agonist) may activate sodium- and water-reabsorptive processes in the kidney, possibly in response to a drop in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), as well as directly through PPAR-γ. Targeted proteomics of the major renal sodium and water transporters and channel proteins was used to identify potentially regulated sites of renal sodium and water reabsorption. RGZ (47 or 94 mg/kg diet) was fed to male, Sprague-Dawley rats (∼270g) for 3 days. MAP, measured by radiotelemetry, was decreased significantly in rats fed either level of RGZ, relative to control rats. Delta MAP from baseline was –3.2 ± 1.2 mm Hg in rats fed high-dose RGZ versus + 3.4 ± 0.8 for rats fed control diet. RGZ did not affect feed or water intake, but rats treated with high-dose RGZ had decreased urine volume (by 22%), sodium excretion (44%), kidney weight (9%), and creatinine clearance (35%). RGZ increased whole kidney protein abundance of the α-1 subunit of Na-K-ATPase, the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2), the sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE3), the aquaporins 2 and 3, and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase. We conclude that both increases in renal tubule transporter abundance and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate likely contribute to the RGZ-induced sodium retention.
Footnotes
-
This work was supported by National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Grants KO1 DK02672 (to C.E. and J.S.) and RO1 DK38094 (to J.V. and M.S.), Georgetown University, the National Kidney Foundation George E. Schreiner, M.D. Young Investigator Award (to C.E.), a Research Award from the American Diabetes Association (to C.E. and J.S.), and the intramural budget of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (to M.K.).
-
DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.058008.
-
ABBREVIATIONS: PPAR, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor; TZD, thiazolidinedione; NHE3, sodium hydrogen exchanger (type III), NaPi-2, sodium phosphate cotransporter (type II), ENaC, epithelial sodium channel; NCC, Na-Cl cotransporter; NKCC2, Na-K-2Cl cotransporter of the thick ascending limb; RGZ, rosiglitazone; NOx, nitrates plus nitrites; eNOS, endothelial nitric-oxide synthase; MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; AQP, aquaporin.
- Received July 31, 2003.
- Accepted October 24, 2003.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
JPET articles become freely available 12 months after publication, and remain freely available for 5 years.Non-open access articles that fall outside this five year window are available only to institutional subscribers and current ASPET members, or through the article purchase feature at the bottom of the page.
|