Peripheral Effects of the κ-Opioid Agonist EMD 61753 on Pain and Inflammation in Rats and Humans1
- Halina Machelska2,1,2,3,
- Martina Pflüger4,
- Werner Weber4,
- Mojgan Piranvisseh-Völk4,
- Jeffrey D. Daubert5,
- Robert DeHaven5 and
- Christoph Stein1,2,3
- 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (H.M., C.S.); 2Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Intramural Research Program/National Institute on Drug Abuse/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (H.M., C.S.); 3Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany (H.M., C.S.); 4Department of Anesthesiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany (M.P., W.W., M.P-V.); and 5Adolor Corporation, Malvern, Pennsylvania (J.D.D., R.D.)
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of EMD 61753 (asimadoline), a κ-opioid receptor agonist with restricted access to the central nervous system, on postoperative pain in patients who underwent knee surgery and on nociceptive thresholds and inflammation in rats treated with Freund’s complete adjuvant. Patients treated with EMD 61753 (10 mg p.o.) tended to report an increase in pain, as evaluated by a visual analog scale and by the time to the first request for and the total amount of supplemental analgesic medication. The global tolerability of EMD 61753 was assessed as significantly inferior to that of a placebo by the investigator. In rats, the bilateral intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of EMD 61753 (0.1–3.2 mg) resulted in dose-dependent antinociception in both inflamed and noninflamed paws, with a peak at 5 min after injection, as evaluated by the paw pressure method. However, at later time points (1 h–4 days), a significant decrease in the paw pressure threshold was observed, confirming its tendency toward a hyperalgesic action in humans. This was accompanied by an increase in paw volume and paw temperature, with a peak at 6 h after injection. EMD 61753 (1.6 mg)-induced analgesia was blocked by the peripheral opioid receptor antagonist naloxone methiodide (2.5–10 mg/kg s.c.) and by the κ receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (0.1 mg; i.pl.). In contrast, EMD 61753 (1.6 mg)-induced hyperalgesia and increases in paw volume and paw temperature were blocked neither by naloxone methiodide (10–40 mg/kg s.c.) nor by dizocilpine maleate (0.003–0.009 mg i.pl.), aN-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor antagonist. These data show differentially mediated peripheral actions of EMD 61753: κ-opioid receptor-induced analgesia and nonopioid, non-N-methyl-d-aspartic acid hyperalgesic and proinflammatory effects.
Footnotes
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Send reprint requests to: Halina Machelska, Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Klinikum Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D 12200 Berlin, Germany. E-mail:MACHELSKA{at}zop-admin.ukbf.fu-berlin.de
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↵1 This work was supported by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and by Adolor Corporation, Malvern, PA.
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↵2 Halina Machelska was on leave from the Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
- Abbreviations:
- CNS
- central nervous system
- NMDA
- N-methyl-d-aspartic acid
- VAS
- visual analog scale
- NRS
- numerical rating scale
- MPQ
- McGill Pain Questionnaire
- ANCOVA
- analysis of covariance
- i.pl.
- intraplantar
- FCA
- Freund’s complete adjuvant
- PV
- paw volume
- PT
- paw temperature
- PPT
- paw-pressure threshold
- MK-801
- dizocilpine maleate
- NLXM
- naloxone methiodide
- norBNI
- nor-binaltorphimine
- %MPE
- percentage of the maximum possible effect
- %BL
- percentage of the baseline
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- Received November 25, 1998.
- Accepted March 2, 1999.
- The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
