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Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics Fast Forward
First published on July 13, 2005; DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.087916

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*AMPHETAMINE
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*Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder


Received for publication May 26, 2005.
Revised July 11, 2005.
Accepted for publication July 12, 2005.

Amphetamine treatment similar to that used in the treatment of adult ADHD damages dopaminergic nerve endings in the striatum of adult non-human primates

Annis Mechan-Mayne 1, Jie Yuan 1, George Hatzidimitriou 1, Tao Xie 1, Andrew Mayne 1, Una D. McCann 1, George A. Ricaurte 1*

1 Johns Hopkins University

* Address correspondence to: E-mail: ricaurte{at}jhmi.edu

Abstract

Pharmacotherapy with amphetamine is effective in the management of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), now recognized in adults, as well as in children and adolescents. Here we demonstrate that amphetamine treatment, similar to that used clinically for adult ADHD, damages dopaminergic nerve endings in the striatum of adult non-human primates. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of amphetamine associated with dopaminergic neurotoxicity in non-human primates are on the order of those reported in young patients receiving amphetamine for the management of ADHD. These findings may have implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of ADHD. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to evaluate the dopaminergic neurotoxic potential of therapeutic doses of amphetamine, in children as well as adults.


Key words: ADHD, amphetamine, dopamine, neurotoxicity, stimulants, striatum


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