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CARDIOVASCULAR

Substituted Adamantyl-Urea Inhibitors of the Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Dilate Mesenteric Resistance Vessels

Vascular Biology Center (J.J.O, M.B.F, J.D.I.) and Department of Physiology (J.D.I.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia; and Department of Entomology and Cancer Research Center (I.-H.K., C.M., B.D.H.), University of California, Davis, California

The epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have been identified as endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors. Metabolism of the EETs to the dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids is catalyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Administration of urea-based sEH inhibitors provides protection from hypertension-induced renal injury at least in part by lowering blood pressure. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that a mechanism by which sEH inhibitors elicit their cardiovascular protective effects is via their action on the vasculature. Mesenteric resistance arteries were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats, pressurized, and constricted with the thromboxane A2 agonist U46619 [GenBank] (9,11-dideoxy-11,9-epoxymethano-prostaglandin F2). Mesenteric arteries were then incubated with increasing concentrations of the sEH inhibitor 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)dodecanoic acid (AUDA). AUDA resulted in a concentration-dependent relaxation of mesenteric arteries, with 10 µM resulting in a 48 ± 7% relaxation. Chain-shortened analogs of AUDA had an attenuated vasodilatory response. Interestingly, at 10 µM, the sEH inhibitors 1-cyclohexyl-3-dodecylurea, 12-(3-cyclohexylureido)dodecanoic acid, and 950 [adamantan-1-yl-3-{5-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]pentyl}urea] were significantly less active, resulting in a 25 ± 8%, 10 ± 9%, and -8 ± 3% relaxation, respectively. Treatment of mesenteric arteries with tetraethylammonium, iberiotoxin, ouabain, or glibenclamide did not alter AUDA-induced relaxation. The AUDA-induced relaxation was completely inhibited when constricted with KCl. In separate experiments, denuding mesenteric resistance vessels did not alter AUDA-induced relaxation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that adamantyl-urea inhibitors have unique dilator actions on vascular smooth muscle compared with other sEH inhibitors and that these dilator actions depend on the adamantyl group and carbon chain length.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Jeffrey J. Olearczyk, The Medical College of Georgia, Vascular Biology Center, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912. E-mail: jolearczyk{at}mail.mcg.edu

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