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Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 80, Issue 1, 39-52, 1944
Copyright © 1944 by American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

PHARMACOLOGIC ACTION OF ERYTHRINA ALKALOIDS I. beta-ERYTHROIDINE AND SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM IT

KLAUS UNNA 1, MICHAEL KNIAZUK 1, and J. G. GRESLIN 1

1 From the Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research, Rahway, New Jersey

1. beta-Erythroidine and substances derived from it (dihydro-beta-erythroidine, agr-tetrahydro-beta-erythroidine, beta-tetrahydro-beta-erythroidine, sodium beta-erythroidine, sodium dihydro-beta-erythroidine, and beta-erythroidine methiodide) possess typical curare-like action.

2. Compared with curare, the paralysis caused by these alkaloids, especially beta-erythroidine, is of short duration.

3. Dihydro-beta-erythroidine is the most potent of these alkaloids; it equals curarine in potency.

4. beta-Erythroidine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine are effective by oral administration. The toxicity has been determined in mice, rats, rabbits and cats following subcutaneous and oral administration.

5. Death in mammals is caused by paralysis of the diaphragm; the heart continues to beat in regular rhythm for several minutes.

6. Intravenous injections of beta-erythroidine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine cause a transient fall in blood pressure. In dogs they decreas emarkedly the heart rate and increase the atrio-ventricular conduction time.

7. Atropine prevents the bradycardia in non-anesthetized dogs, but fails to influence the bradycardia in animals anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital.

8. The smooth muscle is not affected by beta-erythroidine.

9. Prostigmine is an effective antidote against beta-erythroidine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine. The antagonism between prostigmine and the two Erythrina alkaloids is mutual.

10. In contrast to the well known relation of tertiary and quaternary ammonium groups in curare alkaloids to their neuro-muscular action, conversion of beta-erythroidine into the quaternary metho salt (beta-erythroidine methiodide) decreases the curarizing action to about one-hundredth of the tertiary base.

Submitted on August 30, 1943




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Copyright © 1944 by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.