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INFLAMMATION, IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY, AND ASTHMA

Advanced Glycation End Products Subspecies-Selectively Induce Adhesion Molecule Expression and Cytokine Production in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Departments of Pharmacology (H.K.T., H.W., K.L., M.N.), Pathology (T.Y.), Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant, and Surgical Oncology (K.O., N.T.), and Medicine and Clinical Science (K.S., H.M.), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan; and Department of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama, Japan (S.M.)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are proteins or lipids that become glycated after exposure to diverse reducing sugars. Accumulation of AGEs induces diabetes complications. Microinflammation is a common major mechanism in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications. Activation of monocytes/macrophages and T cells plays roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The activation of T cells requires the enhanced expression of adhesion molecules on monocytes. AGEs activate monocytes by engaging the receptor for AGE (RAGE); however, little is known about the profile of agonist activity of diverse AGE moieties on monocytes. We investigated the effect of four distinct AGE subtypes (AGE-modified bovine serum albumin; AGE-2, AGE-3, AGE-4, and AGE-5) at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 µg/ml on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, B7.1, B7.2, and CD40 on monocytes and its impact on the production of interferon- and tumor necrosis factor- in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Among the AGEs examined, AGE-2 and AGE-3 selectively induced adhesion molecule expression and cytokine production. Antagonism experiments using antibodies against adhesion molecules demonstrated that cell-to-cell interaction between monocytes and T/natural killer cells was involved in AGE-2- and AGE-3-induced cytokine production. AGE-2 and AGE-3 up-regulated the expression of RAGE on monocytes. The effects of AGE-2 and AGE-3 were inhibited by nuclear factor-B and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors. These results indicated that AGE-2 and AGE-3 activated monocytes via RAGE, leading to the up-regulation of adhesion molecule expression and cytokine production.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Masahiro Nishibori, Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. E-mail: mbori{at}md.okayama-u.ac.jp

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