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CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR

Inhibition of the Cardiac L-Type Calcium Channel Current by Antidepressant Drugs

Ivan Zahradník, Igor Minarovi, and Alexandra Zahradníková

Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

Antidepressants inhibit many membrane receptors and ionic channels, including the L-type calcium channel. Here, we investigated the inhibition of calcium current (I_Ca) by antidepressants in enzymatically isolated rat ventricular myocytes using whole-cell patch clamp. The molecular mechanism of inhibition was studied by comparing the voltage and state dependence of antidepressant inhibition of I_Ca to the respective properties of calcium antagonists, and by studying the effect of (±)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-[trifluoromethyl]phenyl)-3-pyridine carboxylic acid methyl ester (Bay K8644) or diltiazem on the inhibitory potency of the antidepressants. All selected antidepressants inhibited calcium currents reversibly and concentration-dependently. At a stimulation frequency of 0.33 Hz, the antidepressants imipramine, clomipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline, maprotiline, citalopram, and dibenzepin blocked I_Ca, with IC₅₀ values of 8.3, 11.6, 11.7, 23.2, 31.0, 64.5, and 364 µM. The antidepressant drugs shifted steady-state inactivation curves of I_Ca to negative voltages. The extent of the shift was similar to that induced by diltiazem or verapamil, but it was significantly smaller than that induced by felodipine. The use-dependent component of the antidepressant-induced block was similar to that of diltiazem, and it was significantly more and less, respectively, than those of felodipine and verapamil. In the presence of Bay K8644, antidepressants were more effective in inhibiting I_Ca. However, the inhibitory effect of antidepressants was also augmented by diltiazem, suggesting that these drugs do not compete with diltiazem for a single binding site. These data suggest that antidepressants exert their inhibitory action on cardiac L-type calcium channels by a specific interaction at a receptor site similar to, but distinct from, the benzothiazepine site.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Alexandra Zahradníková, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Genetics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Vlárska 5, 833 34 Bratislava, Slovak Republic. E-mail: alexandra.zahradnikova{at}savba.sk