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CARDIOVASCULAR

Anti-Inflammatory and Cardioprotective Activities of Synthetic High-Density Lipoprotein Containing Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Peptides

Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (M.G., L.C., G.F.); Molecular Disease Section, Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (G.R.); Department of Molecular and Agroalimentary Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy (S.I.); and Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.A.S., A.T.R.)

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptides may represent an alternative to apoA-I for large-scale production of synthetic high-density lipoproteins (sHDL) as a therapeutic agent. In this study, the cardioprotective activity of sHDL made with either L37pA peptide or its D-stereoisomer, D37pA, was compared to sHDL made with apoA-I. The peptides were reconstituted with palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine, which yielded sHDL particles comparable to apoA-I sHDL in diameter, molecular weight, and -helical content. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with either peptide sHDL reduced tumor necrosis factor -stimulated vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression to the same extent as apoA-I sHDL. In an isolated rat heart model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, L37pA and D37pA sHDL significantly reduced postischemic cardiac contractile dysfunction compared to the saline control, as indicated by a 49.7 ± 6.4% (L37pA; P < 0.001) and 53.0 ± 9.1% (D37pA; P < 0.001) increase of left ventricular-developed pressure (LVDP) after reperfusion and by a 45.4 ± 3.4% (L37pA; P < 0.001) and 49.6 ± 2.6% (D37pA; P < 0.001) decrease of creatine kinase (CK) release. These effects were similar to the 51.3 ± 3.0% (P < 0.001) increase of LVDP and 51.3 ± 3.0 (P < 0.001) reduction of CK release induced by apoA-I sHDL. Consistent with their cardioprotective effects, all three types of sHDL particles mediated an approximate 20% (P < 0.001) reduction of cardiac tumor necrosis factor (TNF) content and stimulated an approximate 35% (P < 0.05) increase in postischemic release of prostacyclin. In summary, L37pA and D37pA peptides can form sHDL particles that retain a similar level of protective activity as apoA-I sHDL on the endothelium and the heart; thus, apoA-I mimetic peptides may be useful therapeutic agents for the prevention of cardiac I/R injury.

Address correspondence to: Alan T. Remaley, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bldg. 10/Rm. 2C-433, Bethesda, MD 20892. E-mail: aremaley{at}nih.gov