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CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR

Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 3 Expression in Neuronal Cells

Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas

Relatively small changes in G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 3 expression (2-fold) profoundly affect ₂-adrenergic receptor (AR) function and preferentially regulate neuronal _2A- and _2B-AR signaling. In the present study, we provide evidence that epinephrine (EPI)-induced up-regulation of GRK3 protein expression in two neuronal cell lines, BE(2)-C cells (endogenously express _2A- and ₂-AR) and BN17 cells [endogenously express _2B (NG108) and transfected to express ₂-AR] is due in part to increased GRK3 gene expression. In both cell lines, the increase in GRK3 transcription occurred via an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2-dependent mechanism because the increase in GRK3 mRNA is eliminated in the presence of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase 1/2 inhibitor, U0126 [1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis (2-amino phenylthiobutadiene)]. EPI-induced GRK3 mRNA up-regulation also is prevented in the presence of propranolol or phentolamine. Moreover, GRK3 mRNA did not increase in response to EPI treatment in NG108 cells (endogenously express _2B-AR with no ₂-AR). Both these results suggest that simultaneous activation of ₂- and ₂-AR by EPI is required for the ERK1/2-dependent increase in GRK3 mRNA. The EPI-induced increase in GRK3 mRNA was unaffected in the presence of the protein kinase C inhibitor, chelerythrine chloride. Finally, EPI treatment resulted in increased nuclear translocation and accumulation of the transcription factors, Sp-1 and Ap-2, in BE(2)-C cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate the involvement of the ERK1/2 pathway in selective up-regulation of GRK3 mRNA expression, possibly via activation of Sp-1 and Ap-2 transcription factors in neuronal cells.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Douglas C. Eikenburg, Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5037. E-Mail: deikenburg{at}uh.edu

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