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CARDIOVASCULAR

Differential Effects of the Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors Sildenafil, Vardenafil, and Tadalafil in Rat Aorta

Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia (C.E.T., R.C.W.); and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil (F.B.M.P.)

Presumably, the vasorelaxant properties of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are similar in isolated blood vessels. We aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the vasorelaxation induced by the selective PDE5 inhibitors sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil in the rat aorta. Aortic rings were mounted in 5-ml organ baths, and concentration-response curves for PDE5 inhibitors (0.0001-10 µM) were constructed in phenylephrine (PE)-precontracted endothelium-intact and -denuded rings. Cyclic nucleotides were measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. Sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil concentration dependently relaxed aortic rings and increased cGMP, but not cAMP, concentrations. Endothelium denudation caused marked rightward shifts in the curves to sildenafil (45-fold), tadalafil (21-fold), and vardenafil (251-fold). Maximal responses to sildenafil and tadalafil were substantially reduced (38 ± 1% and 53 ± 2%, respectively), whereas that evoked by vardenafil was not affected. Likewise, inhibition of NO synthase (N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 100 µM), guanylyl cyclase (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo [4,3,-a]quinoxalin-1-one, 10 µM), or scavenging of NO ([carboxy-PTIO (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide), 100 µM]) caused similar attenuation of the vasorelaxations evoked by PDE5 inhibitors. Sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil significantly potentiated relaxations mediated by glyceryl trinitrate (0.0001-3 µM; 8-13-fold) and atrial natriuretic peptide (0.1-100 nM; 2-3-fold). Contractions evoked by CaCl₂ (0.01-5 mM) in PE-treated rings were significantly reduced (26 ± 4%) by vardenafil, but not sildenafil or tadalafil, whereas phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-induced contractions were not affected. Ouabain, cyclopiazonic acid, and calyculin A failed to affect vasorelaxations induced by the PDE5 inhibitors. These results suggest that vardenafil, but not sildenafil or tadalafil, affects Ca²⁺ handling in the rat aorta in addition to increasing cGMP levels through inhibition of PDE5 to cause relaxation.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Cleber E. Teixeira, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, CA-3101, Augusta, GA 30912-3000. E-mail: cteixeira{at}mail.mcg.edu

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