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TOXICOLOGY

Transport of N-Acetylcysteine S-Conjugates of Methylmercury in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells Stably Transfected with Human Isoform of Organic Anion Transporter 1

Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University, School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia

Recent studies have implicated the activity of the organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) protein in the basolateral uptake of inorganic mercuric species in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. However, very little is known about the potential role of OAT1 (and other OATs) in the renal epithelial transport of organic forms of mercury such as methylmercury (CH₃Hg⁺). The present investigation was designed to study the transport of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) S-conjugates of both methylmercury (CH₃Hg-NAC) and inorganic mercury (NAC-Hg-NAC) in renal epithelial cells [Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells] stably transfected with the human isoform of OAT1 (hOAT1). These mercuric species were studied because numerous mercapturates have been shown to be substrates of OATs. Data on saturation kinetics, time dependence, substrate specificity, and temperature dependence for the transport of CH₃Hg-NAC and NAC-Hg-NAC indicate that both of these two mercuric species are indeed transportable substrates of hOAT1. Substrate specificity data also show that CH₃Hg-NAC is a substrate of a transporter in MDCK cells that is not hOAT1. These data indicate that an amino acid carrier system is a likely candidate responsible for this transport. Furthermore, the rates of survival of the hOAT1-transfected MDCK cells were significantly lower than those of corresponding control MDCK cells when they were exposed to cytotoxic concentrations of CH₃Hg-NAC or NAC-Hg-NAC. Collectively, the present data support the hypothesis that CH₃Hg-NAC and NAC-Hg-NAC are transportable substrates of OAT1 and thus potentially transportable mercuric species taken up in vivo at the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular epithelial cells.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Rudolfs K. Zalups, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, 1550 College St., Macon, GA 31207. E-mail: zalups_rk{at}mercer.edu

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