QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: jpet.105.084517v1 jpet.105.084517v2 314/1/103    most recent Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Lee, M. G. Articles by Plopper, C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Lee, M. G. Articles by Plopper, C.

TOXICOLOGY

In Situ Naphthalene Bioactivation and Nasal Airflow Cause Region-Specific Injury Patterns in the Nasal Mucosa of Rats Exposed to Naphthalene by Inhalation

Departments of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology (M.G.L., A.P., C.P.) and Molecular Biosciences (D.M., A.B.), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California

Despite the fact that naphthalene (NA), a volatile, ubiquitous air pollutant, was recently identified as a probable human carcinogen, little is known about nasal cytotoxicity from inhaled NA. To define and compare acute nasal injury from inhalation and systemic NA exposures, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to filtered air; 3.4 or 23.8 ppm NA by inhalation for 4 h; or to 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg NA via intraperitoneal injection. Severe cellular injury occurred exclusively in the olfactory mucosa 24 h postinhalation exposure to 3.4 ppm NA for 4 h. This level is significantly below both the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard (10 ppm; 8 h) for NA and the lowest observed adverse effect level (10 ppm; 2 years) for the incidence of rat olfactory neoplasms. Injury within the olfactory mucosa from inhaled NA was confined to the medial meatus, whereas systemic NA generated severe injury throughout the olfactory region. The pattern of nasal injury from inhaled NA in this study is consistent with previous studies of nasal airflow simulation within the olfactory region. The nonolfactory mucosa on the nasal septum, a high airflow region, metabolized naphthalene slowly, whereas the olfactory regions of the nasal septum and ethmoturbinates metabolized this substrate at high rates. This study concludes that 1) the incidence of acute nasal injury from systemic and inhaled NA correlates with the rates of regional microsomal NA metabolism and that 2) the nasal airflow pattern determines the pattern of olfactory mucosal injury from inhaled NA.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Myong Gyong Lee, One Shields Ave., Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616. E-mail: mglee{at}ucdavis.edu

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. R. DeSesa, R. P. Vaughan, M. J. Lanosa, K. G. Fontaine, and J. B. Morris Sulfur-Containing Malodorant Vapors Enhance Responsiveness to the Sensory Irritant Capsaicin Toxicol. Sci., July 1, 2008; 104(1): 198 - 209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. G. Lee, A. M. Wheelock, B. Boland, and C. G. Plopper Long-Term Ozone Exposure Attenuates 1-Nitronaphthalene-Induced Cytotoxicity in Nasal Mucosa Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., March 1, 2008; 38(3): 300 - 309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Jeffrey, M. J. Iatropoulos, and G. M. Williams Nasal Cytotoxic and Carcinogenic Activities of Systemically Distributed Organic Chemicals Toxicol Pathol, December 1, 2006; 34(7): 827 - 852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]