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Journal of Pharmacology And Experimental Therapeutics Fast Forward
First published on May 27, 2004; DOI: 10.1124/jpet.104.069930

0022-3565/04/3111-14-21$20.00
JPET 311:14-21, 2004
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NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

The N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Inhibitory Potencies of Aromatic Inhaled Drugs of Abuse: Evidence for Modulation by Cation-{pi} Interactions

Douglas E. Raines, Fredrick Gioia, Robert J. Claycomb, and Renna J. Stevens

Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

Benzene and several close structural analogs are inhaled drugs of abuse with general anesthetic activity. By virtue of their {pi} electron clouds, they may engage in attractive electrostatic interactions with cationic atomic charges on protein targets. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that inhaled drugs of abuse inhibit human N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors with potencies that correlate with their abilities to engage in cation-{pi} interactions. Electrophysiological techniques were used to define the NR1/NR2B NMDA receptor inhibitory concentrations of volatile benzene analogs, and computer modeling was used to quantify their abilities to engage in cation-{pi} interactions and their molecular volumes. In addition, each compound's octanol/gas partition coefficient (a measure of hydrophobicity) was quantified. All 18 compounds inhibited human NR1/NR2B NMDA receptors reversibly and in a concentration-dependent manner. NMDA receptor inhibitory potency correlated strongly with the ability to engage in cation-{pi} interactions, weakly with hydrophobicity, and was independent of molecular volume. This is consistent with the hypothesis that cation-{pi} interactions enhance the binding of inhaled drugs of abuse to the NMDA receptor and suggests that the receptor binding site(s) for these drugs possesses significant cationic character.

Received April 13, 2004; accepted May 27, 2004.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Douglas E. Raines, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114. E-mail: draines{at}partners.org




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