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TOXICOLOGY

The Nitric Oxide Donor, O²-Vinyl 1-(Pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (V-PYRRO/NO), Protects against Cadmium-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice

Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (J.L., W.Q., M.P.W.), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, National Cancer Institute at Frederick (J.E.S.), Frederick, Maryland

The nitric oxide (NO) donor, O²-vinyl 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (V-PYRRO/NO), is metabolized by P450 enzymes to release NO within the liver and is effective in protecting against hepatotoxicity of endotoxin and acetaminophen. This study examined the effects of V-PYRRO/NO on cadmium (Cd) hepatotoxicity in mice. Mice were given multiple injections of V-PYRRO/NO (10 mg/kg, s.c. at 2-h intervals) before and after a hepatotoxic dose of Cd (3.7 mg/kg Cd as CdCl₂, i.p.). V-PYRRO/NO administration reduced Cd-induced hepatotoxicity as evidenced by reduced serum alanine aminotransferase activity, improved pathology, and reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation. The protection by V-PYRRO/NO was not mediated by altered Cd distribution to the liver or within hepatic subcellular fractions. Similar inductions of metallothionein, a metal-binding protein, were observed in mice receiving Cd alone or Cd plus V-PYRRO/NO. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that V-PYRRO/NO administration suppressed the expression of inflammation-related genes such as macrophage inflammatory protein-2, CXC chemokine, thrombospondin-1, intracellular adhesion molecular-1, and interleukin-6. V-PYRRO/NO also suppressed the expression of acute phase protein genes and genes related to cell-death pathways, such as c-jun/AP-1, nuclear factor-B, early response growth factor-1, heme oxygenase-1, caspase-3, growth arrest, and DNA-damaging protein-153. In summary, the liver-selective NO donor, V-PYRRO/NO, protects against Cd hepatotoxicity in mice. This protection is not mediated through altered distribution of Cd but may be related to reduced hepatic inflammation, reduced acute phase responses, and the suppression of cell-death-related components.

Address correspondence to: Dr. Michael P. Waalkes, Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, NCI at NIEHS, Mail Drop F0-09, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. E-mail:Waalkes{at}niehs.nih.gov

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