![]() |
|
|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Vol. 305, Issue 1, 1-8, April 2003
Division of Behavioral Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology,
University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
For several decades, it has been suggested that dopamine (DA),
especially in nucleus accumbens, mediates the primary reinforcing characteristics of natural stimuli such as food, as well as drugs of
abuse. Yet, several fundamental aspects of primary food reinforcement, motivation, and appetite are left intact after interference with accumbens DA transmission. Recent studies have shown that accumbens DA
is involved in responsiveness to conditioned stimuli and activational aspects of motivation. In concurrent choice tasks, accumbens DA depletions cause animals to reallocate their choice behavior in the
direction of instrumental behaviors that involve less effort. Also, an
emerging body of evidence has demonstrated that the effects of
accumbens DA depletions on instrumental food-seeking behavior can vary
greatly depending upon the task. For example, some schedules of
reinforcement are insensitive to the effects of DA depletions, whereas
others are highly sensitive (e.g., large fixed ratios). Accumbens DA
depletions slow the rate of operant responding, blunt the
rate-facilitating effects of moderate-sized ratios, and enhance the
rate-suppressing effects of very large ratios (i.e., produce ratio
strain). Accumbens DA may be important for enabling rats to overcome
behavioral constraints, such as work-related response costs, and may be
critical for the behavioral organization and conditioning processes
that enable animals to engage in vigorous responses, such as barrier
climbing, or to emit large numbers of responses in ratio schedules in
the absence of primary reinforcement. The involvement of accumbens DA
in activational aspects of motivation has implications for
energy-related disorders in psychiatry, as well as aspects of
drug-seeking behavior.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
L. S. Zweifel, J. G. Parker, C. J. Lobb, A. Rainwater, V. Z. Wall, J. P. Fadok, M. Darvas, M. J. Kim, S. J. Y. Mizumori, C. A. Paladini, et al. From the Cover: Feature Article: Disruption of NMDAR-dependent burst firing by dopamine neurons provides selective assessment of phasic dopamine-dependent behavior PNAS, May 5, 2009; 106(18): 7281 - 7288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. L. Croxson, M. E. Walton, J. X. O'Reilly, T. E. J. Behrens, and M. F. S. Rushworth Effort-Based Cost-Benefit Valuation and the Human Brain J. Neurosci., April 8, 2009; 29(14): 4531 - 4541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. M. Botvinick, S. Huffstetler, and J. T. McGuire Effort discounting in human nucleus accumbens Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci, March 1, 2009; 9(1): 16 - 27. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Qian, S.-J. Wei, D. Zhang, X. Hu, Z. Xu, B. Wilson, J. El-Benna, J.-S. Hong, and P. M. Flood Potent Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of TGF-{beta}1 Are Mediated through the Inhibition of ERK and p47phox-Ser345 Phosphorylation and Translocation in Microglia J. Immunol., July 1, 2008; 181(1): 660 - 668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. Takahashi, M. Matsuura, M. Koeda, N. Yahata, T. Suhara, M. Kato, and Y. Okubo Brain Activations during Judgments of Positive Self-conscious Emotion and Positive Basic Emotion: Pride and Joy Cereb Cortex, April 1, 2008; 18(4): 898 - 903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Pascucci, R. Ventura, E. C. Latagliata, S. Cabib, and S. Puglisi-Allegra The Medial Prefrontal Cortex Determines the Accumbens Dopamine Response to Stress through the Opposing Influences of Norepinephrine and Dopamine Cereb Cortex, December 1, 2007; 17(12): 2796 - 2804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Nutt, K. Demyttenaere, Z. Janka, T. Aarre, M. Bourin, P. L. Canonico, J. L. Carrasco, and S. Stahl The other face of depression, reduced positive affect: the role of catecholamines in causation and cure J Psychopharmacol, July 1, 2007; 21(5): 461 - 471. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Colpaert, W. Koek, M. Kleven, and J. Besnard Induction by Antipsychotics of "Win-Shift" in the Drug Discrimination Paradigm J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2007; 322(1): 288 - 298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Martinez, R. Narendran, R. W. Foltin, M. Slifstein, D.-R. Hwang, A. Broft, Y. Huang, T. B. Cooper, M. W. Fischman, H. D. Kleber, et al. Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release: Markedly Blunted in Cocaine Dependence and Predictive of the Choice to Self-Administer Cocaine Am J Psychiatry, April 1, 2007; 164(4): 622 - 629. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. J. Day and R. M. Carelli The Nucleus Accumbens and Pavlovian Reward Learning Neuroscientist, April 1, 2007; 13(2): 148 - 159. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Ventura, C. Morrone, and S. Puglisi-Allegra Prefrontal/accumbal catecholamine system determines motivational salience attribution to both reward- and aversion-related stimuli PNAS, March 20, 2007; 104(12): 5181 - 5186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Cheng and M. G.P. Feenstra Individual differences in dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens shell and core during instrumental learning. Learn. Mem., March 1, 2006; 13(2): 168 - 177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Hajnal, M. Covasa, and N. T. Bello Altered taste sensitivity in obese, prediabetic OLETF rats lacking CCK-1 receptors Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2005; 289(6): R1675 - R1686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Rubi, S. Ljubicic, S. Pournourmohammadi, S. Carobbio, M. Armanet, C. Bartley, and P. Maechler Dopamine D2-like Receptors Are Expressed in Pancreatic Beta Cells and Mediate Inhibition of Insulin Secretion J. Biol. Chem., November 4, 2005; 280(44): 36824 - 36832. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. P. Dickstein, M. P. Milham, A. C. Nugent, W. C. Drevets, D. S. Charney, D. S. Pine, and E. Leibenluft Frontotemporal Alterations in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: Results of a Voxel-Based Morphometry Study Arch Gen Psychiatry, July 1, 2005; 62(7): 734 - 741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Schweimer and W. Hauber Involvement of the rat anterior cingulate cortex in control of instrumental responses guided by reward expectancy Learn. Mem., May 1, 2005; 12(3): 334 - 342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Georgescu, R. M. Sears, J. D. Hommel, M. Barrot, C. A. Bolanos, D. J. Marsh, M. A. Bednarek, J. A. Bibb, E. Maratos-Flier, E. J. Nestler, et al. The Hypothalamic Neuropeptide Melanin-Concentrating Hormone Acts in the Nucleus Accumbens to Modulate Feeding Behavior and Forced-Swim Performance J. Neurosci., March 16, 2005; 25(11): 2933 - 2940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
B. Le Foll and S. R. Goldberg Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonists as Promising New Medications for Drug Dependence J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 2005; 312(3): 875 - 883. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Ben-Shahar, N. L. Dudek, and G. E. Robinson Phenotypic deconstruction reveals involvement of manganese transporter malvolio in honey bee division of labor J. Exp. Biol., September 1, 2004; 207(19): 3281 - 3288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. M. Bjork, B. Knutson, G. W. Fong, D. M. Caggiano, S. M. Bennett, and D. W. Hommer Incentive-Elicited Brain Activation in Adolescents: Similarities and Differences from Young Adults J. Neurosci., February 25, 2004; 24(8): 1793 - 1802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. F. Roitman, G. D. Stuber, P. E. M. Phillips, R. M. Wightman, and R. M. Carelli Dopamine Operates as a Subsecond Modulator of Food Seeking J. Neurosci., February 11, 2004; 24(6): 1265 - 1271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Hajnal, G. P. Smith, and R. Norgren Oral sucrose stimulation increases accumbens dopamine in the rat Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2004; 286(1): R31 - R37. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
C. M. Cannon and R. D. Palmiter Reward without Dopamine J. Neurosci., November 26, 2003; 23(34): 10827 - 10831. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Patel, D. J. Rademacher, and C. J. Hillard Differential Regulation of the Endocannabinoids Anandamide and 2-Arachidonylglycerol within the Limbic Forebrain by Dopamine Receptor Activity J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2003; 306(3): 880 - 888. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||